Bruges is located in Belgium and often called the “Venice of the North.” It is a city straight out of a fairytale because of the medieval architecture, cobblestone streets and picturesque canals. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bruges is filled with historical landmarks, from the Belfry of Bruges to the stunning Church of Our Lady with its Michelangelo masterpiece. Go for a walk around the Markt Square, explore the Basilica of the Holy Blood or admire the medieval splendour of Burg Square. Visiting Bruges is an unforgettable journey through history. In this guide I will explore the best 19 monumental highlights of Bruges. I reveal their history and why they should be on your travel itinerary.
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History of Bruges
Bruges is the capital of West Flanders in Belgium. It is one of Europe’s best-preserved medieval cities. Its history dates back to the Roman era, but it truly flourished in the Middle Ages as a major trade and economic centre. Here’s a look at its fascinating journey through time.
Early origins and Viking invasions
The name Bruges likely comes from the Old Norse word Bryggja, meaning “mooring place” or “harbour.” This indicates at the city’s early role as a trading post. During the 9th century, Viking raids devastated the region. These events led to the construction of defensive structures that would shape the city’s future layout.
Medieval Golden Age
12th – 15th century
By the 12th century, Bruges had become a busy trade centre in Northern Europe. Its access to the North Sea allowed it to connect to other territories. The city became one of the richest cities in Europe. Bruges became a centre for textile production, international trade and banking. This attracted merchants from Italy, Spain and England.
During this period, Bruges was home to the world’s first stock exchange, the Bourse (De Beurs). It was founded in the 13th century. The city’s iconic Belfry of Bruges, Basilica of the Holy Blood and the magnificent Market Square (Markt) were built during this golden era.
Decline and isolation
16th – 19th century
Bruges’ prosperity declined in the late 15th century when the Zwin inlet silted up. It cut off the city’s vital access to the sea. Antwerp rose to fame as Belgium’s main port, leading Bruges into economic stagnation. The city became frozen in time, preserving its medieval charm but losing its status as a major European trade centre.
19th century revival and tourism boom
In the 19th century, Bruges was rediscovered by Romantic-era artists and writers who admired its Gothic architecture and historic charm. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, tourism flourished, and preservation efforts began. Bruges became a pioneer in heritage conservation, making sure its medieval buildings remained intact.
Modern day Bruges: A UNESCO world heritage site
The city centre of Bruges is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Europe’s most popular travel destinations. Travellers visit Bruges to see its stunning medieval landmarks, picturesque canals, taste the famed chocolate and world-class museums. Despite its historical roots, Bruges remains a lively city with cultural festivals, fine dining and Belgian beer tradition.
Provincial Palace
The Provinciaal Hof (Provincial Palace) is one of the best landmarks at the Markt Square. It is known for its stunning Neo–Gothic architecture and history. The palace was originally built in the 19th century. This building was once the seat of the provincial government of West Flanders. Its impressive façade, towers and detailed sculptures make it a must-see for visitors exploring Bruges’ historic city centre. The Provinciaal Hof hosts exhibitions, cultural events and official ceremonies.
Market Square
The Great Market of Bruges (Markt Square) is the heart of the city and an iconic landmark in Bruges. The square is surrounded by colourful medieval guild houses, lively cafés and iconic landmarks like the Belfry of Bruges. This historic square has been a place of trade and public life since the 10th century. Visitors can explore the Provinciaal Hof, take a horse-drawn carriage ride or enjoy Belgian waffles while admiring the stunning architecture.
Belfry of Bruges
The Belfry of Bruges is a stunning example of medieval Flemish architecture. It dominates the skyline of the Markt Square. It was built in the 13th century. This UNESCO-listed bell tower used to be a watchtower and was a symbol of Bruges’ independence. The 83 meter high Gothic structure has pointed arches, turrets and a distinctive octagonal upper section. You can climb the 366 steps to reach the top for breathtaking panoramic views of Bruges. The Belfry also has a historic 47-bell carillon. This bell still rings out over the city.
Historium Bruges
The Historium Bruges is a museum and has a VR experience that takes visitors back to the Golden Age of Bruges. The museum is located on the Markt Square. This top-rated interactive attraction in Bruges uses virtual reality, themed rooms and storytelling to recreate life in the 15th century of Bruges. Visitors can explore the city’s medieval history, walk through realistic historical settings and even experience a VR tour of medieval Bruges. It’s a fun activity to do when you have the time.
City Hall
The City Hall of Bruges (Stadhuis van Brugge) is one of the oldest and most beautiful Gothic buildings in Belgium. It is located in the historic Burg Square. The City Hall was built between 1376 and 1421. This amazing medieval landmark used to be the political heart of Bruges for centuries. The façade has pointed arches, tall windows and detailed statues of biblical and historical figures. It shows the grandeur of Bruges’ Golden Age. The Gothic Hall has an impressive vaulted ceiling and 15th century paintings tell the city’s history.
Basilica of the Holy Blood
The Basilica of the Holy Blood (Basiliek van het Heilig Bloed) is one of the most respected religious landmarks in Bruges. It is known for its stunning architecture and its connection to a holy relic. The Basilica is located in the historic Burg Square. This medieval basilica dates back to the 12th century and has been a place of worship for over 800 years. Its unique design mixes Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles. They have created a breathtaking visual contrast between the lower chapel and the upper basilica.
Architecture: A mix of styles
The Basilica has of two distinct parts: the Lower Chapel and the Upper Chapel. The Lower Chapel was built in the Romanesque style and is characterized by its simple yet sturdy structure. The design has arched windows and beautiful stonework. It is here that the Holy Blood relic is displayed. The Upper Chapel, on the other hand, was constructed in the Gothic style during the 15th century. It has stained glass windows, high arches and stone carvings. This chapel is a masterpiece of Gothic design, with its vaulted ceilings and decorative details that reflect Bruges’ wealth during the medieval period.
The Holy Blood Relic
The basilica is most famous for housing a relic of the Holy Blood. It is believed to be a vial containing a drop of Christ’s blood. This relic is the centre of devotion for many pilgrims and is displayed to the public every year during the Procession of the Holy Blood. This is a large event that takes place in Bruges on Ascension Day. The relic is kept in a decorated silver and glass container. Its importance has made the Basilica of the Holy Blood a spiritual and historical icon for centuries.
A historic and cultural landmark
Throughout the years, the Basilica of the Holy Blood has been the site of numerous religious events. Its role in the spiritual and cultural life of Bruges is immense. Its proximity to other major landmarks, such as the City Hall and Burg Square, makes it a central stop for visitors exploring Bruges’ historic centre. The basilica attracts visitors from around the world who come to admire its Gothic beauty.
Bourgogne des Flandres Brewery & Distillery
The Bourgogne des Flandres Brewery & Distillery gives visitors an unique opportunity to explore the Belgian brewing tradition. The brewery is located along the scenic canals of Bruges. This brewery produces the famous Bourgogne des Flandres beer, known for its rich, fruity flavour and complex taste. The brewery is located in a historic building. Here you can learn about traditional beer brewing methods, enjoy a guided tour and sample a variety of locally crafted beers.
Rozenhoedkaai (viewpoint)
Rozenhoedkaai is one of the most iconic viewpoints in Bruges. From here you have stunning views of the city’s medieval canals and historic buildings. It is located near Burg Square. This charming spot is famous for its picturesque canal scene, with beautiful old houses, bridges and the Saint John’s Hospital in the background. It’s a popular location for photographers and travellers looking to capture the essence of Bruges’ medieval charm.
Fish market
The Vismarkt (Fish Market) is a historic square located near the city centre. This square was once the centre of Bruges’ fish trade. The market is now home to charming cafés, shops and beautiful guild houses. Visitors can walk through the square and admire the beautiful architecture. From Wednesday until Saturday morning there is a market where vendors sell local produce and fresh seafood.
Blind Donkey Bridge
The Blinde-Ezelbrug (Blind Donkey Bridge) in Bruges is a quaint and historic medieval bridge that goes over the picturesque canals. This charming bridge is believed to date back to the 14th century and is named after the blind donkey that used to pull boats along the canal. The simple yet elegant design of the bridge comes with traditional stone construction. It reflects the medieval architecture of Bruges. It is a reminder of the city’s historical reliance on waterways for trade and transportation.
Queen Astrid park
Queen Astrid Park (Koningin Astridpark) is a peaceful and beautifully landscaped park. The park was established in the early 20th century. It is named after Queen Astrid of Belgium. She was beloved by the Belgian people. Its design mixes elements of English-style gardens with paths, ornamental lakes and many plants and flowers. It is a perfect spot for a relaxing walk. The park’s historic architecture includes charming bridges, sculptures and a pond that adds to its tranquil atmosphere.
Minnewaterpark
Minnewaterpark is also known as the Lake of Love. It is one of the most picturesque and romantic spots in Bruges. This beautiful park is home to a lake that is surrounded by weeping willows and scenic walking paths. The architecture of the park includes the Minnewater Castle, a neo-Gothic building that adds to the historical charm to the area. The park’s origins date back to the medieval era. It was originally part of a water management system that supplied the city with water. Today it is a peaceful retreat, famous for its swans, charming bridges and the Minnewater Bridge.
Beguinage
The Begijnhof (Beguinage) is one of the most enchanting and historically important sites in the city. This UNESCO World Heritage site was established in the 13th century as a religious community for Beguines. The Beguines were women who lived in religious devotion without taking formal vows.
Architecture: simplicity and beauty
The Begijnhof is characterized by its simple, whitewashed houses. They form a charming and orderly layout around a central courtyard. The buildings are built in a traditional Flemish architectural style. The buildings have a simple yet elegant gables and wooden shutters. The architectural style reflects the humble and sober lifestyle of the Beguines. They sought to live in peace and devotion to their faith. The Begijnhof Church is located within the complex. It is a stunning example of Gothic architecture. It has pointed arches and stained glass windows. The church is still in use today and it is a quiet space for reflection.
History: the legacy of the Beguines
The Begijnhof in Bruges was founded in 1245 as a place where Beguines could live and worship in solitude. The Beguines, while not nuns, dedicated their lives to religious work, often in hospitals, schools and charitable activities. Over the centuries, the Begijnhof was as a sanctuary for these women. Its unique community structure helped preserve Bruges’ religious and cultural heritage. The complex remained active for centuries and the inhabitants contributed significantly to the city’s spiritual and social life.
In the 19th century, the community of Beguines began to decline. In 1927 the last Beguines left the Begijnhof. The site is now managed by a Catholic religious community and continues to be a place of reflection and peace. The Begijnhof Museum is located within the complex. Here you can learn more about the history of the Beguines and their role in the social community of medieval Bruges.
The Begijnhof is a reminder of Bruges’ deep religious and cultural roots. It presents a rare opportunity to step back in time and experience the simple yet profound life of the Beguines.
Brewery De Halve Maan
Brewery De Halve Maan is one of the most famous and historic breweries in Bruges. The brewery was founded in 1856. This family-owned brewery is known for producing the iconic Brugse Zot beer, a local favourite with a balanced flavour. The brewery’s historic buildings give a fascinating insight into traditional brewing methods. You can go for a guided tour. They take visitors through the production process and show the craftsmanship behind each brew. For beer enthusiasts and those looking to experience Belgian beer culture, De Halve Maan Brewery is a must-visit destination in Bruges. They also have beer tastings and give an informative journey into the history of brewing in the region.
Site Old Saint Jan
The Site Old Saint Jan (Oude Sint-Jan) is a remarkable historical site. The site was originally established in the 12th century as a hospital for pilgrims. The complex later became a nursing home and church. The architecture of Old Saint Jan has a mix of Romanesque and Gothic styles. Now the site houses the Memling Museum. They show works of the famous Flemish painter Hans Memling.
Church of Our Lady
The Church of Our Lady (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk) is an iconic example of Gothic architecture. The church was completed in the 15th century. The church’s spire is 122 meters tall and is one of the tallest in Belgium. Inside you can admire works of art, including Michelangelo’s Madonna and Child. It is a priceless sculpture. You can explore the church’s medieval chapels and tombs of Bruges’ nobility.
Bonifacius Bridge
The Bonifacius Bridge is a picturesque and historic bridge. This medieval bridge is named after Saint Boniface and it’s known for its charming, romantic atmosphere. It is one of the most photographed spots in Bruges. The bridge has a classic brick construction and arched stone design. These are characteristics of Flemish Gothic architecture. The Bonifacius Bridge connects two beautiful streets in the historic city centre and is situated near other monumental highlights of Bruges such as the Begijnhof and the Minnewaterpark. The bridge is not only a symbol of Bruges’ medieval charm, but it also has breathtaking views of the canals and surrounding architecture.
Saint Salvators Cathedral
The Saint Salvators Cathedral (Sint-Salvatorskathedraal) is a great example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture. It’s history is dating back to the 12th century. The cathedral was originally built as a Romanesque church. It underwent several renovations over the centuries, including Gothic elements in its design. Particularly the vaulted ceilings, stained glass windows and tower are designs of the Gothic architecture. The cathedral’s interior has remarkable artworks and sculptures, including pieces by Flemish artists.
Walking around the Vesten
Walking around the Vesten in Bruges is a peaceful and scenic route along the city’s historic canal walls and medieval ramparts. The Vesten is a series of tree-lined pathways that follow the old fortifications of Bruges. From here you have stunning views of the canals, parks and historic buildings. As you stroll, you’ll pass by beautiful green spaces, quaint bridges and charming houses. It is a perfect spot for photography and relaxation. The Vesten also connects several monumental highlights of Bruges like the Minnewaterpark and the Begijnhof. This leisurely walk is ideal if you are looking to experience the historic charm and natural beauty of Bruges.
Best time to visit Bruges
The best time to visit Bruges largely depends on what type of experience you’re looking for.
Spring (March to May)
Spring is considered one of the most charming times to explore this picturesque city. The weather is mild, and the city begins to bloom with flowers. It is the perfect time to walk along the canals or through the gardens of Minnewaterpark and Queen Astrid Park. The crowds are relatively manageable during this season. This time allows you to enjoy the beauty and tranquillity of Bruges without the peak-season hustle. Easter in Bruges is a special time, with various events and local traditions adding to the city’s charm.
Summer (June to August)
Summer is the peak tourist season in Bruges. The summer has long, sunny days and a lively atmosphere. The city comes alive with outdoor festivals, cultural events and busy cafes and restaurants along the canals. While the weather is at its warmest, it can also be the most crowded. Especially in popular spots like the Market Square and the Belfry of Bruges. If you’re planning to visit during the summer, it’s wise to book accommodations and tours in advance. Despite the crowds, the summer months are the best opportunity to enjoy Bruges’ outdoor spaces, and a boat tour along the canals is a must-do activity.
Autumn (September to November)
In autumn the weather remains pleasant, but the crowds begin to thin out. It is great time for those who prefer a quieter experience. The fall colours add a magical touch to the city’s parks and canals, creating an incredibly picturesque backdrop for sightseeing. Autumn in Bruges is ideal if you are looking to enjoy the city’s historical sites and architecture without the busy summer rush. The cooler weather makes it comfortable for walking tours and visits to museums.
Winter (December to February)
Winter in Bruges is especially enchanting, with the city changing into a winter wonderland. The Christmas markets in the Market Square and the festive lights around the city add a cozy and magical atmosphere. While the weather can be cold and rainy, the winter months have a unique charm. There are fewer tourists and the opportunity to experience Bruges in a more intimate and peaceful way. The Belfry and Church of Our Lady look particularly beautiful against the winter sky. The city’s charming streets are illuminated by twinkling lights and is the perfect setting for a romantic getaway.
Ultimately, the best time to visit Bruges depends on your preferences for weather, crowds and the type of experience you are looking for. But any season has something special in this timeless city.
How to get to Bruges
Getting to Bruges is relatively straightforward. The city is well-connected by various modes of transport making it accessible from both within Belgium and neighbouring countries.
Train
Bruges has a central railway station, Station Brugge. The station is located just a few kilometres from the city centre. The train network in Belgium is extensive and most of the time efficient. But not always! There often strikes so check in advance on NMBS. It easy to reach Bruges from major cities such as Brussels, Antwerp and Ghent. Trains from Brussels Central Station to Bruges run frequently, and the journey typically takes around one hour. If you’re coming from Brussels Airport, you can take a direct train to Bruges via Brussels Central Station, with a travel time of about 1.5 hours. Bruges’ train station is well-served by taxis, buses and even bike rentals. It is easy to get from the station to the city centre.
Car
Bruges is easily accessible via the Belgian motorway network. It is located about an hour’s drive from Brussels (approximately 100 km), and about 30 minutes from the coast. Visiting Bruges is an ideal day trip destination. The city is well signposted, and there are several parking lots and parking garages around the city centre. I strongly advice you to park in one of the outer parking garages and use public transport or walk to the historic centre. The streets can be narrow and parking in the city centre is very limited.
Bus
If you’re travelling from Europe, Bruges is well-connected to other cities by bus and coach services. Eurolines and other coach companies have routes from major cities like Paris, London and Amsterdam to Bruges. These buses usually stop at the Bruges train station, making it easy to continue your journey into the city centre.
Plane
The nearest major airport to Bruges is Brussels Airport (Zaventem). It is about 100 kilometres away. From there, you can take a direct train to Bruges or hire a taxi. Alternatively, the Ostend-Bruges International Airport is closer, about 30 kilometres away. From here there are only seasonal flights from various European destinations.
Bicycle
Bruges is a bike-friendly city and it is easy to go cycling as a way to explore the city and the surrounding region. If you’re arriving by train or car, you can rent a bike to enjoy the scenic routes along the canals or head out into the Belgian countryside.
Regardless of your mode of travel, getting to Bruges is convenient, and once you arrive, the city’s compact size makes it easy to explore on foot or by bike.
Highlights in Belgium
Belgium is a small but beautiful country waiting to be explored! It has an abundance of fascinating sights. Explore the medieval charm of Bruges and Ghent, or discover the birthplace of Rubens in Antwerp. Did you know that Antwerp has 5 monumental churches?
Nature enthusiasts mustn’t miss the breathtaking Ardennes or embark on a day hike at Kalmthoudste Heide, nestled between Antwerp and the Netherlands. If visiting Brussels in the spring, seize the opportunity to explore the enchanting Serres of Laeken. The serres are open to visitors for just 6 weeks each year. And for history buffs, Ypres and the Flanders Fields provide a poignant journey through the events of the Second World War. Get ready to experience the fascination of Belgium!
