Antwerp is Belgium’s port city. The city is known for the historical landmarks, architectural masterpieces and cultural events. From medieval cathedrals to guild houses, the city’s skyline tells a story of its past as a centre of trade, art and innovation. In this article I will take you through the best monumental highlights in Antwerp. From the stunning Cathedral of Our Lady and the historic Grote Markt to the prominent MAS Museum and the medieval Het Steen Fortress. Discover the best monumental highlights in Antwerp that make the city a must-visit destination for travellers interested in history and culture.

Fun fact: Antwerp is my home, so yes, I am a little bit biased when it comes to how great Antwerp is…

History

Antwerp’s history is a fascinating tale of commerce, art and resilience. The city is situated on the River Scheldt and has long been one of Europe’s most important trade and cultural centres. Below is an overview of Antwerp’s important historical periods.

Early history and Medieval growth

Antwerp’s origins date back to Roman times, but it truly began to flourish in the Middle Ages. By the 12^th century, it had become an essential trade centre, thanks to its strategic location along the Scheldt. The city’s port facilitated commerce between Northern and Southern Europe. The city attracted merchants from across the continent. The construction of Het Steen Fortress in the 13^th  century symbolized Antwerp’s growing importance.

The Golden Age

The 15^th and 16^th  centuries were Antwerp’s Golden Age. In this time it became the leading financial and commercial centre of Northern Europe. The city was part of the Duchy of Brabant under the Burgundian Netherlands. And later the Habsburg Netherlands. Antwerp’s population increased, and its port handled goods from across the world. This included spices from the East and silver from the Americas.

The Grote Markt, with its stunning guild houses, and the Cathedral of Our Lady were built during this era. The city became a major artistic and intellectual centre for painters, sculptors and scholars.

The Fall of Antwerp

Antwerp’s prosperity came to a halt during the Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648). In 1576, Spanish troops destroyed the city, killing thousands in what became known as the Spanish Fury. In 1585, the Siege of Antwerp by Spanish forces led to the city’s decline, as thousands of Protestant merchants and intellectuals fled to the Dutch Republic. The Scheldt River was also blocked by the Dutch, cutting Antwerp off from international trade.

The Baroque and Rubens’ influence

Despite its economic downturn, Antwerp remained an artistic inspiration, largely thanks to Peter Paul Rubens. In the 17^th century The Flemish Baroque style flourished, with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck and Jacob Jordaens producing masterpieces that still define Antwerp’s artistic heritage. Many of their works can be seen today in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts and the city’s churches.

The Industrial Revolution

Antwerp recovered in the 19^th century with the reopening of the Scheldt and the expansion of its port. By the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries, it had changed into one of Europe’s largest ports, driving to rapid industrialization. The Central Station, often called the “Railway Cathedral“, and the grand Zurenborg district were built during this period. Zurenborg is known for the eclectic and Art Nouveau architecture.

During World War II, Antwerp suffered heavy bombing, but its resilience led to rapid post-war recovery. It remains Belgium’s second-largest city, a global diamond trading centre and a interesting cultural destination.

Old and new today

Walking through Antwerp today, you’ll find a stunning mix of medieval, Renaissance, Baroque and modern architecture. From the Gothic Cathedral of Our Lady to the contemporary Port House designed by Zaha Hadid. The city continues to welcome its artistic and commercial legacy. It is a dynamic destination for history lovers, architecture enthusiasts and travellers.

Central Station

Antwerp Central Station (Antwerpen-Centraal) is one of the most breathtaking railway stations in Europe. It is often referred to as the “Railway Cathedral” (Spoorwegkathedraal). With its stunning neo-Baroque architecture, grand dome and details, this monumental highlight of Antwerp is not just a transportation centre but a masterpiece of Belgian architectural heritage.

The history of Antwerp Central Station

Antwerp Central Station was built between 1895 and 1905 as part of Belgium’s rapid railway expansion in the late 19^th century. It was designed by Louis Delacenserie, a Belgian architect known for his neo-Renaissance and neo-Baroque influences. The station was intended to display Antwerp’s prosperity and status as a major European trade centre.

The station officially opened in 1905, replacing a smaller terminus station. It quickly became one of Europe’s most important railway stations. It is connecting Brussels, Amsterdam and Paris. During World War II, the station suffered damage from German V-2 rockets but was restored in the post-war years.

Rated among the most beautiful train stations in the world, Antwerp Central is more than just a place to catch a train. Travellers and architecture enthusiasts admire its historic charm, elegant design and impressive restoration. Whether you’re a fan of European railway history, a lover of historic architecture or simply passing through Antwerp, this station is a must-visit attraction.

Stadsfeestzaal

The Stadsfeestzaal (City Festival Hall) is Antwerp’s majestic architectural highlight. It is renowned for its impressive history and remarkable Belle Époque design. The Stadsfeestzaal is located on the city’s iconic Meir shopping street. This grand building has witnessed over a century of cultural events and is a prime example of Antwerp’s architectural grandeur.

The Stadsfeestzaal was originally designed as a public event venue and opened in 1908. The building was intended to host a variety of social gatherings, including balls, concerts and other festivities. At the time of its construction, Antwerp was thriving as a trade centre in Europe. The Stadsfeestzaal reflected the city’s prosperity and taste for the finer things in life. The building was constructed by the architectural firm Hendrik J. J. Coppejans, who designed the structure in the Belle Époque style. It is a period known for its opulent designs, decorations and sophisticated details.

Over the years, the Stadsfeestzaal became a symbol of Antwerp’s social and cultural life. They hosted major events and exhibitions. In the late 20^th century, the building fell into disrepair and was closed to the public for several years. After a devastating fire in 2000, the Stadsfeestzaal was left in ruins. It was carefully restored and reopened in 2007 as a luxury shopping mall.

Meir Palace

The Meir Palace in Antwerp is also known as the Paleis op de Meir. It is a stunning 18^th century rococo palace in the heart of Antwerp’s shopping district. The palace was built in 1745 as a private residence for wealthy merchant Johan Alexander Van Susteren. The building later became a royal residence. Napoleon Bonaparte, King William I of the Netherlands and the Belgian royal family lived here.

The architecture of Meir Palace is a great example of Flemish rococo. It has an elegant facade with stucco details and interiors that were decorated with gold leaf, chandeliers and frescoes. Today there are two shops in the palace: The Chocolate Line and Flamant.

Rubens Museum

The Rubenshuis is the former home and studio of Peter Paul Rubens. He is one of the most influential Flemish Baroque painters. The house is built in the early 17^th century. Rubens designed the house himself. He was inspired by Italian Renaissance palaces. The mansion was both his family residence and a prestigious art workshop. Here he created masterpieces and trained famous artists.

The architecture of Rubenshuis mixes Flemish and Italian influences. Features are the baroque portico, a grand courtyard and a picturesque garden. The Rubens House Museum displays his paintings, personal belongings and furniture. The museum collection gives an unique look into the life and work of the Baroque master.

Reading tip: Visit Rubens house in Antwerp

Handelsbeurs

The Handelsbeurs in Antwerp was also known as the Antwerp Stock Exchange. It is one of the world’s oldest stock exchanges, dating back to 1531. It played a important role in Europe’s trade and finance. Antwerp became a major commercial city during the 16^th century. The original building was destroyed by fire twice, and the current neo-Gothic Handelsbeurs is designed by architect Joseph Schadde. It was completed in 1872.

The architecture of Handelsbeurs is a masterpiece of neo-Gothic design. A few features are the grand central hall with high vaulted ceilings, detailed stonework and stunning archways. The Handelsbeurs is recently restored and it is now used as a venue for events.

Royal Academy of Fine Arts

The Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp was founded in 1663. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious art schools in Europe. It was established during the Spanish Netherlands period and the academy played a key role in shaping the Flemish artistic tradition. The Academy was home to renowned artists like Vincent van Gogh and James Ensor. The academy shows 19^th century neoclassical and eclectic styles, with large halls, high ceilings, and elegant façades that embody the spirit of academic art education. It remains a major centre for contemporary art and fashion design, attracting students and creatives from around the world.

Stadswaag

The Stadswaag in Antwerp was originally built in the 16^th century and it served as the city’s official weighing house. Merchants weighed goods for trade in the port. The Stadswaag is located in the heart of the old town and the square played an important role in Antwerp’s commercial history during its Golden Age. While the original weighing building no longer exists, the square retains its historic charm with elegant townhouses and 19^th century facades that reflect a mix of neo-Renaissance and eclectic styles. The Stadswaag is a lively meeting spot, popular for its cafés, student atmosphere and relaxed vibe in one of Antwerp’s most atmospheric neighbourhoods.

Cathedral of Our Lady

The Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture and the largest church in Belgium. The construction began in 1352 and continued for nearly two centuries, resulting in a majestic structure with a detailed façade and a high 123-meter tower that dominates the city skyline. Despite suffering damage from fires and iconoclasm over the centuries, the cathedral has been beautifully restored and remains a symbol of Antwerp’s cultural and religious history. You can admire stunning stained glass windows, detailed altars and several celebrated paintings by the Flemish Baroque artist Peter Paul Rubens.

Reading tip: Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe Cathedral, a monumental highlight in Antwerp

Stadhuis

Antwerp City Hall is located on the famous Grote Markt. The building is an amazing example of Renaissance architecture in Belgium. The City Hall is built in the 16^th century and listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site. It reflects a mix of Flemish and Italian design and comes with ornate façades, detailed sculptures and symbolic coats of arms. The building played an important role in the city’s political and cultural history. You will be impressed by its elegant architecture and central location. IF you are looking for historic buildings in Antwerp or iconic landmarks in Belgium, Antwerp City Hall is a must visit.

Plantin Moretus Museum

The Plantin Moretus Museum is one of the best monumental highlights in Antwerp. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is the world’s only surviving printing house from the Renaissance and Baroque periods. You can have the rare opportunity to explore original 16^th century printing presses and beautifully preserved rooms. The museum is located in the historic city centre of Antwerp. The museum mixes Gothic and Flemish Baroque architecture with stunning interiors, a peaceful courtyard and a library of ancient books. It’s a must-visit destination for anyone interested in European history, museums in Antwerp or unique things to do in Belgium.

Reading tip: Visit the authentic Plantin-Moretus house and museum in Antwerp

Het Steen

Het Steen was originally built in the early Middle Ages. This medieval fortress is the oldest building in Antwerp and has served as a castle, prison and gateway to the city. Het Steen is recently renovated and is now a modern visitor centre. From here you have stunning views of the Scheldt River. Its impressive stone walls, turrets and fairytale-like architecture make it a perfect stop for history and architecture lovers, and anyone looking for Instagram-worthy spots in Antwerp.

MAS Museum

The MAS Museum (Museum aan de Stroom) in Antwerp is a great example of contemporary architecture and one of the city’s most popular cultural attractions. The museum opened in 2011 and was designed by Neutelings Riedijk Architects. The features are a bold, stacked structure made of red sandstone and curved glass panels, inspired by the traditional warehouses of the port. The MAS museum is located in the trendy Eilandje district. The museum celebrates Antwerp’s history as an international port city through dynamic exhibitions on trade, migration and global culture. Its rooftop has panoramic views of the city and harbour, making it a must-visit destination for architecture lovers and museum-goers.

Eilandje

Eilandje is the oldest port district in Antwerp. It has transformed from a historic docklands area into one of the city’s trendiest neighbourhoods. It was once the heart of Antwerp’s maritime trade in the 16^th  and 17^th centuries. The area was later abandoned as shipping activity moved north. In recent years, Eilandje has undergone major urban planning chances. It is mixing industrial heritage with modern urban design. Historic warehouses and dock buildings have been repurposed into stylish lofts, galleries and cafes, while architectural landmarks like the MAS Museum and the Port House add a contemporary flair. Eilandje is a lively waterfront district known for its cultural attractions, scenic views and urban atmosphere.

Museum voor de Schone Kunsten

The Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp (KMSKA) is one of Belgium’s most important art institutions. It’s history is dating back to 1810. The museum was originally founded to house the city’s growing art collection and the museum moved into its grand neoclassical building in the Zuid district in 1890. The building was designed by architects Winders and Van Dyck. The structure has stately columns, marble staircases and spacious galleries that reflect the grandeur of 19^th century museum architecture. After an extensive renovation of 11 years the museum reopened in 2022 with a mix of historical elegance and bold modern additions. The museum is known for the masterpieces by artists such as Rubens, Van Eyck, Ensor and Modigliani.

’t Zuid

’t Zuid is one of Antwerp’s most stylish and culturally vibrant neighbourhoods. It is known for its wide boulevards, elegant 19^th century architecture and thriving art scene. The neighbourhood was originally developed during the city’s expansion in the late 1800s. ’t Zuid was designed with grand urban planning in mind and features of neoclassical and beaux-arts buildings, leafy squares and stately townhouses. Once a quiet residential area, it has evolved into a trendy district filled with contemporary art galleries, chic cafés and renowned cultural institutions like the Museum of Fine Arts. ’t Zuid mixes historic charm with modern sophistication.

Zurenborg

Zurenborg is one of Antwerp’s most architecturally unique and visually striking neighbourhoods.  It is famous for its extraordinary collection of late 19^th and early 20^th century townhouses. The area was developed during the Belle Époque period. It became an example for eclectic and Art Nouveau architecture with detailed façades, stained glass windows and extravagant ironwork. Streets like Cogels-Osylei are especially famous for their fairytale-like homes, each one telling a story through symbolic design and artistic detail. The neighbourhood was originally built for the city’s wealthy bourgeoisie and Zurenborg is a real hidden gem in Antwerp because many tourists skip this part of town.

Monumental churches in Antwerp

Antwerp is home to several monumental churches that show the city’s religious and artistic heritage. The churches have different architectural styles like Gothic, Baroque, and Neo-Gothic styles. The Cathedral of Our Lady is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the crown jewel of the city. Other historic churches are Sint-Carolus Borromeus and Sint-Andries church (St. Andrew’s) and also have impressive altars, grand façades and centuries-old art treasures. The churches are built between the 14^th and 17^th centuries. These sacred spaces were central during Antwerp’s Golden Age and remain powerful symbols of the city’s spiritual and cultural identity.

Best time to visit Antwerp

The best time to visit Antwerp is during the spring (April to June) and early autumn (September to October), when the weather is mild, the crowds are smaller and the city’s outdoor cafés, parks and riverside walks are at their most pleasant. These months have ideal conditions for sightseeing, cycling and exploring the city’s historic neighbourhoods like ’t Zuid and Zurenborg. Summer (July and August) is also popular due to festivals and warm weather, but it can be busier and more expensive. Winter has fewer tourists but festive charm, especially around Christmas, but shorter days and colder temperatures.

How to get to Antwerp

Getting to Antwerp is easy thanks to its central location in Europe and transport connections:

Train

Antwerp is well-connected by train and easily accessible from major European cities. From Brussels, it takes just 40 minutes; from Amsterdam, about 1.5 hours; and from Paris, around 3 hours via high-speed Thalys trains. The city’s main station is Antwerpen-Centraal and is one of the most beautiful train stations in the world and centrally located.

Plane

The nearest major international airport is Brussels Airport (BRU), about 45 km away. From there, you can take a direct train to Antwerp, which takes around 30–45 minutes. Antwerp also has a smaller airport, Antwerp International Airport (ANR) but has limited European flights.

Car

Antwerp is accessible by car via major highways from neighbouring countries. Keep in mind that the city has a Low Emission Zone (LEZ). If you’re driving a diesel or older car, check if you need to register or pay a fee before entering the city centre.

Bus

Long-distance buses like FlixBus and BlaBlaBus have affordable routes to Antwerp from cities like London, Paris and Amsterdam. The bus stops are typically at Rooseveltplaats (close to Central Station) or at Antwerp-Berchem station.

Highlights to visit in Belgium

Belgium is home to an abundance of monumental highlights that show its history, stunning architecture and cultural heritage. In Brussels, the Grand Place dazzles with detailed guildhalls and the Gothic Town Hall. The Atomium is a futuristic icon of 20^th century design. Bruges enchants visitors with its medieval charm, picturesque canals and the Belfry of Bruges. Ghent impresses with the majestic Saint Bavo’s Cathedral and the medieval Gravensteen castle. In Ieper (Ypres), the Menin Gate and the Cloth Hall are an example of the powerful reminders of World War I. Diest, though lesser known, has a beautiful beguine and historic churches that reflect its noble past. Together, these cities will give you an unforgettable journey through Belgium’s most iconic landmarks.