Are you planning a trip to Northern Italy? Don’t miss Bergamo. This city is a hidden gem just an hour from Milan. This charming city is filled with historical landmarks, Renaissance architecture and breathtaking views from its famous Città Alta (Upper Town). From medieval towers to basilicas, Bergamo is a cultural experience for history lovers, architecture enthusiasts and curious travellers. In this article, I will explore the monumental highlights in Bergamo, helping you make the most of your visit to this often-overlooked Italian city.
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History of Bérgamo
Bergamo in Italy is a city with two millennia of history. The city is situated at the foothills of the Alps in Lombardy. Bergamo’s story begins in antiquity. It was originally a Celtic settlement. Later they were conquered by the Romans in 49 BC and became a strategic outpost along the ancient road between Milan and the Alpine passes. The evidence of its Roman heritage can still be seen today in archaeological remains and the city’s early urban layout.
During the Middle Ages, Bergamo flourished as a powerful Lombard commune. Its hilltop location made it easy to defend, and the Città Alta (Upper Town) became the fortified heart of the city. In the 15th century, Bergamo fell under the rule of the Republic of Venice. This left a lasting architectural and cultural legacy. The Venetians built the impressive Venetian Walls, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, to protect the city from invaders.
The city later passed to Austrian control, and eventually became part of unified Italy in the 19th century. The architecture in Bergamo reflects a unique mix of medieval, Renaissance and Baroque influences.
Torre dei caduti
The Torre dei Caduti is a 45 meter high monument located in Piazza Vittorio Veneto in the Lower Town (Città Bassa). It was designed by architect Marcello Piacentini. The tower was constructed between 1922 and 1924 to honour the Bergamasque soldiers who died in World War I. The structure has a square base made of Bagnatica sandstone. The tower comes with a Zandobbio marble clock that is decorated by allegorical representations of the winds. It symbolizes the passage of time. Below the clock is a niche with a bronze statue of Italia Victorious made by sculptor Alfredo Faino. As part of the Centro Piacentiniano urban redevelopment project, the tower is a war memorial and an architectural landmark.
Monumento al Partigiano
The Monumento al Partigiano (Monument to the Partisan) was created and donated to the city by renowned local sculptor Giacomo Manzù in 1977. He did this to honour his parents and all heroes of the Italian Resistance. The monument is situated at the corner of Piazza Matteotti and Viale Papa Giovanni XXIII in the Lower Town (Città Bassa). The bronze monument has a tall rectangular slab with two human figures: a young woman reaching out to a deceased partisan suspended upside down. It symbolizes the sacrifices made during World War II. An inscription by Manzù comes with the sculpture, increasing its emotional impact. This work is a powerful testament to the courage and suffering of the partisans.
Porta San Giacomo
Porta San Giacomo is constructed in 1592 during the Venetian Republic’s rule over Bergamo. It is a prominent gateway to the city’s historic Upper Town (Città Alta). The gate was designed by Florentine architect Buonaiuto Lorini and was built using white-pink marble from the Zandobbio quarries. The colour is very distinguished from the surrounding grey stone walls. Unlike other city gates, Porta San Giacomo was intended primarily for pedestrian use. It was the main access point from Milan. Its elegant design has a Tuscan-style façade with two pinnacles. There used to be a fresco of the Lion of Saint Mark, symbolizing Venetian power. From here you have panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
Mura Veneziane
The Mura Veneziane (Venetian Walls) of Bergamo are an impressive example of 16th century military architecture. The walls were constructed between 1561 and 1588 by the Republic of Venice to defend the city from potential invasions. It is around 6 kilometres long. These well-preserved fortifications encircle Bergamo’s historic Upper Town (Città Alta). The structure has 14 bastions, four gates (Sant’Agostino, San Giacomo, Sant’Alessandro, and San Lorenzo), and numerous defensive structures. In recognition of their historical and cultural importance, the Venetian Walls were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2017.
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore
The Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore was founded in 1137 as a ritual offering to the Virgin Mary because of the devastating plague. The basilica was constructed on the site of an earlier 8th century church. The basilica has a Romanesque exterior that is characterized by massive walls and rounded arches. The main façade doesn’t have an entrance because it was originally connected to the Bishops’ Palace. Access is provided through two portals: the northern entrance, known as the “Red Lions” portal. This one has sculptures made by Giovanni da Campione from 1353. The southern “White Lions” portal was completed around 1360. The interior of the basilica is different than the exterior. The interior design is decorated with Baroque elements. The interior is decorated with tapestries, frescoes and a wooden choir designed by Bernardo Zenale and Andrea Previtali. The basilica is the final resting place for notable composers Gaetano Donizetti and his mentor Simone Mayr.
Campanone
The Campanone, or Civic Tower, is a historical landmark in Bergamo’s Upper Town. It is situated in Piazza Vecchia. The tower was constructed between the 11th and 12th centuries by the influential Suardi family. It was initially a defensive tower-house. Over time, the tower underwent several modifications, eventually reaching its current height of approximately 52 meters. It is now the tallest tower in Bergamo. The Campanone has the largest bell in Lombardy, which traditionally chimes 100 times each night at 10 PM. This practice is dating back to the Venetian era to signal the closing of the city gates.
Piazza Vecchia Bergamo Alta
Piazza Vecchia has long been the city’s civic and political heart. The square is stablished during the medieval period and it became the centre of civic life and political power. The square is surrounded by notable Renaissance structures. This is including the Palazzo della Ragione, a 12th century building decorated with the Lion of St. Mark, symbolizing Venetian influence. Opposite is the Palazzo Nuovo, a bright white building. The construction began in the early 17th century but wasn’t completed until centuries later. The elegant facade of the Palazzo dates back to 1928. At the centre of the square is the Contarini Fountain. It was installed in 1780. Renowned architect Le Corbusier once praised Piazza Vecchia as “the most beautiful square in Europe,” highlighting its harmonious mix of architectural styles and historical importance.
Porta San Lorenzo
Porta San Lorenzo is also known as Porta Garibaldi. It is one of the four main gates of Bergamo’s Upper Town (Città Alta). This port is constructed in 1627 and it is the smallest of the gates and faces north toward the Italian Alps. The gate is named after the nearby church of San Lorenzo. This church was demolished to make way for the Venetian Walls. It also holds the name Porta Garibaldi in commemoration of Giuseppe Garibaldi’s entry into Bergamo through this gate in June 1859 during the Italian unification. Porta San Lorenzo architectural features has a rustic design and was initially closed from 1605 to 1627 due to security concerns. It was reopened at an elevated level to facilitate access from the valleys and Como. A plaque on its façade commemorates Garibaldi’s arrival, marking its historical importance.
La Marianna
La Marianna is a historic café and pastry shop located in Bergamo’s Upper Town. It is renowned as the birthplace of the iconic Italian gelato flavour, stracciatella. The café was established in 1953 by Enrico Panattoni. The establishment has become a cherished destination for both locals and visitors.
La Marianna is situated at Largo Colle Aperto 4. They have a delightful selection of pastries, gelato and beverages, making it an ideal spot to relax and indulge while exploring the historic city centre. The café is close to the Funicolare San Vigilio. So from here it’s very convenient to enjoy a scenic ride further up the hill.
Torre Castello San Vigilio
Torre Castello San Vigilio is located on top of the San Vigilio hill in Bergamo’s Upper Town. It is a historic castle with origins dating back to the 6th century. The initial fortification was a Roman watchtower and it was later expanded into a small fortress known as Castello della Cappella. In 889, Arnulf of Carinthia seized the castle and changed it into a military outpost. The Visconti family further reinforced the structure in the 14th century, and the Venetians added fortifications in the 15th century.
Now you can explore the well-preserved remnants, including defensive towers, casemates and a network of underground passages. On top of the castle you have panoramic views of Bergamo. The castle is accessible via the San Vigilio funicular.
Best time to visit Bérgamo
The best time to visit Bergamo largely depends on your preferences for weather and crowds.
Spring (April to June)
This is one of the best times to visit, as the weather is mild and the city is green with blooming flowers. The temperatures are comfortable, ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). It’s a great time to explore the city and its outdoor sights without the summer crowds.
Fall (September to October)
The weather is still pleasant, and the summer crowds have diminished, making it another ideal time to visit. Temperatures range from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F), and you can enjoy the changing colours of the foliage around the city.
Summer (July to August)
This is the peak tourist season, and while the weather is hot (around 25°C to 35°C / 77°F to 95°F), Bergamo tends to be less crowded than other Italian cities like Milan. But it can get quite busy with tourists, and accommodations may be more expensive.
Winter (December to February)
While it’s low season, with temperatures around 0°C to 10°C (32°F to 50°F), Bergamo can be charming during the winter months. The city’s Christmas markets and festive atmosphere make it a great time for a cozy visit. Some attractions may have reduced hours.
Overall, spring and fall are often considered the best times to visit due to the pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
How to get to Bérgamo
There are several ways to get to Bergamo, depending on your starting location and preferred mode of transportation. Here are the main options:
Air
Bergamo Orio al Serio International Airport (BGY) is the primary airport operating the city, located about 5 km (3 miles) from the city centre. It’s an airport for low-cost carriers like Ryanair, with flights to and from various European cities.
From the airport, you can reach the city centre by:
- Bus: The ATB airport bus (Line 1) connects the airport to the Bergamo train station (Stazione FS) in about 10 minutes.
- Taxi: Taxis are available and can take you to the city centre in around 15 minutes.
- Private transfers: Available for a more comfortable and direct option.
Train
Bergamo Railway Station (Stazione FS) is well-connected to major cities in Italy, including Milan, Verona, Venice and Brescia. From Milan Central Station, it takes about 50 minutes by train, with frequent services throughout the day. From the train station in Bergamo, you can take a bus or taxi to the city centre or the Upper Town (Città Alta).
Bus
Bergamo is well-connected by long-distance buses from cities across Italy and Europe. FlixBus and other companies operate routes to Bergamo from Milan, Verona, Torino and other cities. The bus station is near the train station, and you can easily reach the city centre or Upper Town from there by bus or taxi.
Car
If you’re driving, Bergamo is accessible via the A4 motorway, which connects Milan to Venice. The city is about 50 km (31 miles) northeast of Milan. Parking in the city centre can be challenging, but there are parking areas and garages near the train station and at the base of the Upper Town.
Private Transfer
For a more convenient and direct option, private transfers can be arranged from major cities like Milan or the airport directly to your hotel or destination in Bergamo.
Bike
For the adventurous traveller, Bergamo can be reached by bike, particularly from nearby cities or regions like Milan or Lake Como. It’s best suited for experienced cyclists due to the hilly terrain.
Each mode of transportation has different levels of convenience, depending on your starting point and schedule.
Monumental highlights in Italy
Italy has many monumental cities that are worth a visit. Trento is a city of Renaissance charm and Alpine heritage. The city has many monumental highlights to visit such as the cathedral and the Castello del Buonconsiglio. Verona is famous for the setting of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and beautiful medieval streets.
The city of Venice is world famous for its canals, magnificent palaces, and the iconic Piazza San Marco. But Venice has more to offer. The nearby lagoons of Venice are perfect to visit on a day trip. Bologna is known as the food capital of Italy. The city comes with medieval towers, beautiful arcades, and historical landmarks like the Basilica di San Petronio.
Also Padova is well worth a visit with its stunning medieval squares and Scrovegni Chapel. If you are travelling towards Slovenia, don’t forget to visit Trieste. This beautiful city is located at the Adriatic Sea and combines history, architecture and culture with a maritime feel. Other destinations to keep in mind are Florence, Udine and Torino. Or visit the maritime city of Genova. Are you spending a few days in Milan and would like to spend a day outdoors? Visit the beautiful Lake Como and go for a refreshing swim in the lake.
Reading tip: Beginners travel guide to Italy
