Marseille is the second-largest city in France. It is one of the oldest cities in Europe. The city was founded by Greek sailors around 600 BC as Massilia. Today you can admire ancient ruins and modern landmarks. Marseille is has many monuments that tell the story of its diverse past. You can wander around in the historic Old Port, explore the centuries-old forts, or admire the contemporary architecture. The monumental highlights of Marseille are about classical heritage to its modern-day sights, including the Frioul Islands.
Table of Contents
Old Port of Marseille
The Old Port of Marseille is known as Vieux-Port in French. It is the heart of the city and has been over 2,600 years. The ancient Greeks created the city around 600 BC and it was originally created as a safe harbour for their ships. This was the beginning of Marseille’s position as a trading hub in the Mediterranean. Over the centuries, the port has seen countless historical events, from naval battles to trade exchanges.
During the Roman period, the Old Port continued to flourish as a centre for commerce. Marseille had an excellent strategic location between Europe, Africa and the East. Its importance as a maritime trade route remained strong through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance. Marseille’s dockyards and warehouses were trading goods from across the Mediterranean.
As France’s major port until the 19th century, the Old Port changed drastically during the industrial revolution. The ships became larger and modernization of infrastructure and buildings changed the landscape. The Vieux-Port today is a lively area with many outdoor cafés facing the waterfront.
Place d’Armes
Place d’Armes is a square located in the centre of Marseille. It has long been a gathering spot for locals and visitors. The square’s strategic location near the Old Port and its proximity to landmarks like the Fort Saint-Nicolas give it a historical context. The square was originally a military area and was used for military parades and events. Today it is a relaxing space to enjoy the city of Marseille.
Musée des civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée
The Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM) in Marseille is a museum that displays the cultural and historical ties between Europe and the Mediterranean. The museum was opened in 2013 and is situated in a modern architectural structure that is implemented with its surroundings. Including the historic Fort Saint-Jean. The design of the museum itself is an artistic highlight, with its futuristic, latticework façade symbolizing the interconnectedness of the Mediterranean world.
Collection
MuCEM’s collections focus on the diverse cultures and civilizations that have shaped the Mediterranean region over thousands of years. It explores themes such as migration, trade, religion and the cultural exchanges that have occurred across the sea’s many shores. The museum has a wide range of exhibits, from ancient artifacts to contemporary art.
Beyond the exhibits, MuCEM also organises temporary exhibitions and cultural events. It’s not only a museum but also a centre for dialogue and understanding. The museum’s location by the water comes with stunning views of the Old Port and the Mediterranean. The building is an architectural and cultural landmark in Marseille.
Cathédrale de la Major de Marseille
The Cathédrale de la Major (or Marseille Cathedral) has a history going back to the 19th century. The cathedral was built between 1852 and 1896. It was designed to accommodate Marseille’s growing population and its importance as a port city. The cathedral’s architecture is a combination of Romanesque and Byzantine styles. One of its most fascinating aspects is its massive size, with a capacity to hold up to 3,000 people. The cathedral’s dome is 70 meters high and makes it one of the tallest buildings in Marseille. The interior is designed with mosaics, marble columns and beautifully crafted altars that reflect the wealth and influence of the city during the late 19th century.
Porte d’Aix
The Porte d’Aix is a large archway and historical monument. The archway was built in 1825 to celebrate the city’s expansion and the arrival of the French army after the Napoleonic Wars. The neoclassical triumph arch is a symbol of the city’s strength and growth. The city was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. The arch is decorated with detailed sculptures and inscriptions that commemorate the victories and milestones of Marseille. It is positioned at the intersection of several major roads. The Porte d’Aix is a well known landmark and a favourite photo spot for visitors exploring the streets of Marseille.
Abbaye Saint-Victor
The Abbaye Saint-Victor is one of Marseille’s oldest and most important religious sites. The Abbaye dates back to the 5th century. It is located on a hill overlooking the Old Port. It was originally founded as a monastic community and became an important centre of Christianity in the region. The Romanesque architecture includes a beautiful crypt and a church with carvings and ancient frescoes. Over the centuries, the abbey has witnessed many historical events, from pilgrimages to military sieges. The Abbaye Saint-Victor today remains a peaceful and spiritual place. Visiting the Abbaye will give an insight into the early Christian history of Marseille. An extra plus are the panoramic views of the city and the Mediterranean Sea.
Basilique Notre-Dame de la Garde
The Basilique Notre-Dame de la Garde is one of Marseille’s most iconic landmarks. It is a place of worship and a symbol of the city. The Basilica is located on a hill and 162 meters above sea level. The basilica’s history dates back to the 12th century. At first there was only a chapel on the site that was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. She is considered to be the protector of sailors.
Architecture
The current structure is built between 1853 and 1864. The design is a mix of Neo-Byzantine and Romanesque architectural styles. The basilica has a bell tower with a statue of the Virgin Mary holding a child. The interior of the basilica has some stunning mosaics and detailed marble work with an prominence on nautical themes. This reflects the city’s deep connection to the sea. Known as “La Bonne Mère” (The Good Mother) the Notre-Dame de la Garde is not only a spiritual sight but also a beloved cultural symbol.
Chateau d’If
Château d’If is a historic fortress located on a small island just off the coast of Marseille. It was made famous by Alexandre Dumas’ novel The Count of Monte Cristo. The fortress was built in the early 16th century. It was originally constructed as a defence fort to protect the city from naval attacks because its strategic position in the Mediterranean. The fortress was later converted into a prison in the 17th century. Many political prisoners, including some of France’s most famous figures, were held captive here. Its isolation and dramatic setting made it the perfect place for imprisonment.
The Château d’If became internationally renowned after Dumas’ novel, in which the main character, Edmond Dantès, is unjustly imprisoned within its walls. The château is now a popular tourist attraction. The building’s stark, imposing architecture differs with the stunning views of Marseille and the surrounding islands. A visit to the Château d’If is an opportunity to explore this historical fortress, learn about its role in the city’s defence and imagine the dramatic scenes from The Count of Monte Cristo.
Frioul Island
Frioul Island (Îles du Frioul) is a small group of islands located just a few kilometres off the coast of Marseille. It is a peaceful and scenic escape from the city. The archipelago consists of four main islands: Ratonneau, Pomègues, If, and Tiboulen. Ratonneau is the largest and most accessible. The island is known for the rugged landscapes, crystal-clear waters and history. The Frioul Islands are a perfect destination for nature lovers, hikers and history fans.
The islands have played a strategic historical role. During the 18th and 19th centuries, they were used for military purposes, including the construction of forts and the infamous Château d’If. The last one became a notorious prison and was made famous by Alexandre Dumas’ The Count of Monte Cristo. Over the years, the islands have also operated as quarantine stations to prevent the spread of disease. This and the isolated location of the islands makes them intriguing.
The Frioul Islands are accessible by ferry from Marseille’s Old Port. The islands have numerous hiking trails, beaches and the chance to explore historical landmarks and ancient forts. The stunning coastal scenery, the pristine waters and dramatic cliffs, makes Frioul a popular spot for swimming, snorkelling and going around by boat. The islands are also home to diverse flora and fauna, making them an ideal location for nature walks.
Fort de Ratonneau
Fort de Ratonneau is a historic fortress located on Ratonneau Island. The fort was built in the 17th century as part of a series of coastal defences to protect the city. The fort was an important military structure. Especially during the Napoleonic era and into the 19th century. The fort is known for its strategic location and has amazing views over the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding islands. While no longer in active use, it is a fascinating historical site. There is not much left but you can explore the walls and enjoy the serene atmosphere of the island. Its combination of military history and natural beauty makes it a popular spot for tourists exploring the Frioul Islands.
Plage de Saint-Esteve
Plage de Saint-Esteve is a beautiful, secluded beach located on Ratonneau Island. The beach used to be a hidden gem but it now crowded by tourists. The place is surrounded by dramatic cliffs and Mediterranean vegetation, creating a stunning natural backdrop that makes it ideal for swimming, sunbathing and relaxing. The beach is only accessible by foot from the island’s main port or by boat. When you go hiking around the Frioul Islands this beach is a perfect spot to go snorkelling or just to cool off in the warm Mediterranean Sea.
How to get to the Frioul Islands
To reach the Frioul Islands from Marseille, you can take a ferry from the Vieux-Port (Old Port). This is the main departure point for boats heading to the islands. Ferries are operated by Les Bateaux du Frioul and the journey typically takes around 20 to 30 minutes. It is depending on the weather and sea conditions. There are regular departures throughout the day, especially during the warmer months.
Tip: Book a boat online the day before. In the morning and early afternoon it is possible that the boats are fully booked. An extra advantage is that you don’t have to wait in the long line. Tickets can be purchased at the Vieux-Port ticket offices or online in advance via Le Bateau Frioul.
Once you arrive, you can explore the islands on foot or by bike. There are no taxis on the islands. Only locals, construction trucks and service vehicles are driving around on the islands.
Best time to visit Marseille
The best time to visit Marseille depends on what you’re looking to experience. The best seasons are spring (April to June) and fall (September to October). During these months, the weather is pleasantly warm, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). This weather is ideal for exploring the city’s attractions, enjoying outdoor activities and walking along the scenic coastline. These periods also tend to have fewer tourists compared to the summer months, so you can enjoy a more relaxed atmosphere at popular sites like the Vieux-Port, Notre-Dame de la Garde, and the Calanques National Park.
Summer (July and August) is a very popular time to visit. If you enjoy hot, sunny weather and the lively vibe of the city’s beaches and festivals this is the time to visit. But keep in mind that temperatures can go above 30°C (86°F). During the summer the city is crowded with tourists. This is the time to experience outdoor events like the Festival de Marseille and to enjoy the Mediterranean waters.
In contrast, winter (December to February) in Marseille is mild but can be a bit chilly and rainy. The temperatures are around 10°C to 15°C (50°F to 59°F). While fewer tourists visit during this time, it can still be a pleasant time to enjoy the city’s museums, markets and cozy cafés, especially if you prefer avoiding large crowds.
Spring and fall are the best combination of great weather, fewer tourists, and plenty of things to see and do!
Highlights in France
France is a country with diverse and iconic destinations. The opulent Palace of Versailles, just outside Paris, is a must-see for its grandiose architecture and stunning gardens. The Palace reflects the power of the French monarchy. Or visit the neighbourhood of arts, Montmartre.
Dijon is in the heart of Burgundy and renowned for its history, medieval architecture and world-famous mustard and wine. Strasbourg is city with picturesque timber-framed houses and stunning Gothic cathedral. It blends French and German influences and a visit gives you an idea of the region’s complex history. In Metz you can admire the beautiful stained-glass windows of the Cathedral of Saint-Étienne and explore its cultural scene.
Southern France is famous for its stunning coastlines. Start in Nice, where the dazzling blue waters of the French Riviera meet the charming Old Town. Head to Marseille, France’s second-largest city, known for its historic Old Port, the Notre-Dame de la Garde and the natural beauty of the Calanques National Park. Just a short drive away from Marseille is Cassis. The town welcomes you with its picturesque harbour, dramatic cliffs and amazing beaches.
