Rajasthan is located in the western part of India. It is often called the Land of Kings. It’s a place where history, colour and culture come alive, creating an exotic and magical destination. Travelling through Rajasthan feels like stepping into a living storybook, where magnificent palaces, forts, temples and a arts and crafts scene amazes your imagination at every turn. The cities of Jaipur, Udaipur, Pushkar, Jodhpur and Jaisalmer are among the highlights. Each city has its own unique charm and atmosphere. Everywhere you go, you’ll see men in colourful turbans with striking moustaches and women draped in bright saris with jewellery that sparkles in the sunlight.

History of Rajasthan

Rajasthan is often called the “Land of Kings.” It has a long and fascinating history that goes back to ancient times. Evidence of early human habitation in the region is found in prehistoric rock paintings and tools. There are sites like Kalibangan in the northwest that reveal traces of the Indus Valley Civilization. This region, with its dry landscapes and desert plains, has been a crossroads for cultures, traders and invaders for thousands of years.

Rajputs

From the 6^th century onwards, Rajasthan became the stronghold of the Rajputs. They are a warrior caste known for their bravery, chivalry and devotion to honour. The Rajput clans, including the Chauhans, Sisodias, Rathores and Kachwahas, established powerful kingdoms. They have built monumental forts and palaces that remain iconic even today. Cities like Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh became centres of art, architecture and culture. The Rajputs were often in conflict with each other, but they also faced invasions from powerful rulers like the Delhi Sultans and later the Mughals. Some Rajput kingdoms, like Mewar under Maharana Pratap, fiercely resisted Mughal expansion. Others, such as Amber under Man Singh I, allied with the Mughals and served in their courts.

British colonial period

By the 18^th century, the power of the Rajput kingdoms had diminished due to internal rivalries and external pressures from the Marathas and the British East India Company. During the British colonial period, Rajasthan became known as the Rajputana Agency. This was a collection of princely states under indirect British rule. The Rajput rulers retained their titles and control over their lands in exchange for loyalty to the British Crown. This led to a period of relative peace but also of stagnation.

India’s Independence

After India’s independence in 1947, Rajasthan underwent major changes.  The many princely states were gradually merged to form a unified state. In 1956, Rajasthan as we know it today was officially created. It became the largest state in India by area. The legacy of Rajasthan’s royal past, however, lives on in its forts, palaces, temples and stepwells, as well as in its folk traditions. From the haunting melodies of Rajasthani music to the Ghoomar dance, and in the colourful festivals that fill the desert with life.

Rajasthan’s history is not just a tale of battles and empires but also a story of resilience, creativity and a unique cultural identity that continues to inspire visitors.

Jaipur

Jaipur is the capital city of Rajasthan. It is a place of extraordinary beauty, history and cultural life. The city is often called the “Pink City” for the distinct terracotta colours of its old town buildings. Jaipur is a stunning mix of royal grandeur and lively street life.

History

Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. He was the ruler of the Kingdom of Amber. Jai Singh was not just a warrior-king, but also a visionary and a scholar. He was deeply interested in astronomy, architecture and town planning. He designed Jaipur as one of the earliest planned cities in India, following Vastu Shastra (traditional Hindu architectural principles) and Shilpa Shastra (ancient texts on arts and crafts). The city’s layout is based on a grid system, with wide streets, uniform building facades and distinct zones for different activities. It was an incredibly modern concept for the 18^th century.

History of the name Pink City

The name “Pink City” dates back to 1876, when Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II ordered the buildings to be painted in shades of pink. His reason was to welcome the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) on his visit to India. Pink was chosen because it symbolised hospitality and warmth. Since then, the city has kept this colour and the pink walls of its historic quarters.

Monumental highlights

Jaipur is famous for its magnificent architecture. In the centre is the City Palace, a beautiful complex of courtyards, gardens and buildings that are still (partly) used by the royal family. Nearby is the Jantar Mantar, an astronomical observatory built by Jai Singh himself. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Hawa Mahal, or “Palace of Winds,” is one of Jaipur’s most iconic landmarks, with its detailed facade that allowed royal women to observe street life without being seen.

Jaipur is a centre for the traditional arts and crafts. This is including block printing, blue pottery, gemstone cutting and jewellery-making. The lively bazaars of Jaipur such as Johari Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar are filled with colourful textiles, jewellery and handcrafted souvenirs. The city also hosts the Jaipur Literature Festival. It’s one of the largest literary festivals in the world, attracting writers, thinkers and readers from across the globe.

Udaipur

Udaipur is often called the “City of Lakes” or the “Venice of the East.” It is one of the most romantic and picturesque cities in India. Located in the southern part of Rajasthan the city is located near the Aravalli Hills. Udaipur is known for its stunning lakes, palaces and a sense of old-world charm that take visitors back to a time of royalty and grandeur.

History

Udaipur was founded in 1559 by Maharana Udai Singh II, the ruler of the Mewar Kingdom. After he decided to move the capital from Chittorgarh to a safer location. This move was largely due to repeated invasions, especially by the Mughals. Legend has it that while hunting in the Aravalli Hills, Udai Singh met a hermit who blessed him and advised him to build his new capital on the banks of Lake Pichola. Taking the sage’s advice, Udai Singh laid the foundation of Udaipur. The city grew into one of the most beautiful and culturally valuable places in India.

The lakes of Udaipur are its soul. Lake Pichola is the most famous and is surrounded by palaces, temples and havelis. This lake but also others in the area are not just important for their beauty, but they were an essential part of the city’s water management system.

Monumental highlights

The City Palace is Udaipur’s crown jewel. It is a grand complex that overlooks Lake Pichola. The palace is known for its fascinating mix of Rajput and Mughal architectural styles. The styles are famous for the balconies, towers, courtyards and halls that are decorated with detailed carvings, mosaics and mirror work. Each ruler of Udaipur added to the palace over centuries, creating a complex that feels like a living museum of Mewar’s history. Other architectural assets include Saheliyon Ki Bari, a charming garden built for the queen’s attendants. And the Bagore Ki Haveli, which now houses a museum and hosts traditional cultural performances.

Cultural heritage

Udaipur’s cultural heritage is known for miniature painting, particularly in the Mewar school of art. They depict scenes from Rajput life, epics and nature. Traditional crafts like silver jewellery, puppetry and tie-dye textiles are also an important part of Udaipur’s identity. Festivals like Gangaur, Mewar Festival and Diwali are celebrated with much enthusiasm and often with boat processions on the lakes and colourful cultural performances.

Pushkar

Pushkar is a pilgrimage towns in Rajasthan. It is known for its spiritual aura, bazaars and the world-famous Pushkar Camel Fair. The city is located on the edge of the Thar Desert. Pushkar is surrounded by rugged hills and has a unique place in Indian culture. It mixes Hindu mythology, ancient traditions and a touch of the bohemian lifestyle that attracts travellers to this relaxed hippie vibe city.

Lord Brahma temple

At the heart of Pushkar’s identity is the Pushkar Lake. It is considered one of the holiest sites in Hinduism. According to legend, the lake was created when the creator god Brahma dropped a lotus flower, and the petals fell to the earth. This makes Pushkar one of the very few places in the world where a temple dedicated to Lord Brahma exists. The Brahma Temple, with its red spire and marble architecture, is a key pilgrimage destination for devout Hindus. Surrounding the lake are 52 ghats, where pilgrims come to bathe in the sacred waters. Especially during the auspicious time of Kartik Purnima (the full moon of October or November), which coincides with the famous Pushkar Fair.

Pushkar Camel Fair

The Pushkar Camel Fair is a spectacle unlike any other. For a few days each year, the small town changes into a carnival attracting traders, herders and tourists. The camels are decorated with colourful fabrics, beads and bells. The animals are bought, sold and even entered into beauty contests. But the fair is not just about camels; it also hosts folk dances, music performances, competitions like turban-tying and moustache contests. There are markets selling everything from jewellery to textiles. The fair shows the spirit of Rajasthan’s desert culture, and it’s an unforgettable experience for visitors.

Bohemian charm

Pushkar’s atmosphere is deeply spiritual, yet it also has a laid-back, bohemian charm. Over the years, the town has attracted backpackers, artists and those looking for an alternative lifestyle. The narrow streets of Pushkar are lined with cafés, rooftop restaurants and bazaars selling handicrafts, silver jewellery and local clothes. There’s a sense of community and creativity here, where the echoes of ancient rituals mix with the rhythms of modern life.

Beyond the fair and the lake, Pushkar’s surroundings are equally amazing. The Aravalli hills have scenic hiking trails. The Savitri Temple is located on a hilltop and overlooking the town. You will be rewarded with breathtaking views, especially at sunrise and sunset. The energy of Pushkar is unlike any other place: it’s a town where myth and history live side by side, where the spiritual and the worldly meet, and where the desert’s timeless beauty draws you in.

Jodhpur

Jodhpur is known as the “Blue City” of Rajasthan. It is a city that feels like a living canvas of history, colour and desert culture. The city is located on the edge of the Thar Desert and is the second-largest city in Rajasthan. Jodhpur is famous for its iconic blue houses, which seem to shimmer under the golden desert sun, especially when viewed from the heights of its grand fort.

History

Jodhpur was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha, a Rajput chief of the Rathore clan, after whom the city is named. Rao Jodha chose the site at the foot of the imposing Mehrangarh Fort. It is a strategic location on a hill called Bhaurcheeria (the mountain of birds) and is a natural defence against invaders. The fort is located 120 meters above the city and an inspiring fort in India. Its massive walls seem to emerge straight from the rocky hill, surrounding the palace, courtyards and museum that tell the stories of Jodhpur’s royal past. Inside, you’ll find beautifully decorated rooms like the Phool Mahal (Palace of Flowers) and the Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors). These halls show the luxurious lifestyle of the Marwar rulers.

The Blue city

Jodhpur earned its nickname, the Blue City, from the distinctive colour of the houses in the old town. While some say the blue colour symbolises the homes of Brahmins (the priestly caste), others believe it helps cool the interiors and repel insects. Whatever the reason, the sea of blue houses creates a magical scene, especially when seen from the fort’s ramparts.

Monumental highlights

Beyond Mehrangarh Fort you have many more highlights to explore. The Sardar Market is centred around the towering Clock Tower (Ghanta Ghar), is the city’s commercial heart. Here, you’ll find spices, textiles, handicrafts and traditional Rajasthani items such as bandhani fabrics, silver jewellery, leather goods and more. Jodhpur is also famous for its mojari (embroidered leather shoes), lakh bangles and Rajasthani snacks like mirchi vada and pyaaz ki kachori.

The Umaid Bhawan Palace is built in the 20^th century and another symbol of Jodhpur’s royal heritage. It was commissioned by Maharaja Umaid Singh during a time of drought to provide employment to the local population. The palace is a mix of Art Deco and Rajput architectural styles. Today, it is a luxury hotel and the residence of the royal family, while part of it houses a museum.

Jodhpur’s charm lies in its contrasts: the massive forts and delicate havelis, the desert landscapes and the green Mandore Gardens, the centuries-old traditions and the rhythms of daily life that continue in the blue-washed lanes. The city is also the gateway to the Thar Desert, with nearby attractions like Osian’s desert temples and Bishnoi villages where you can experience rural Rajasthan’s culture.

Jaisalmer

Jaisalmer is a place of timeless beauty, where sandstone fortresses, desert landscapes and camel caravans come together to create a scene that feels like it belongs in an ancient tale. The city is located in the heart of the Thar Desert, near the India-Pakistan border. Jaisalmer is a city that rises like a golden mirage from the sands, its honey-coloured walls glowing in the sunlight.

History

Jaisalmer’s history dates back to 1156 CE, when it was founded by Rawal Jaisal. He was a Bhati Rajput ruler who shifted his capital from Lodurva to the safer, more strategic hilltop location. The city grew as a trading centre and was part of the ancient Silk Road that connected India with Central Asia and beyond. Camel caravans loaded with spices, silks and opium passed through Jaisalmer’s gates. They brought wealth and cultural exchange to this desert outpost. The prosperity of these trade routes allowed Jaisalmer’s rulers and merchants to build stunning havelis (mansions), temples and the grand Jaisalmer Fort.

Jaisalmer Fort

The Jaisalmer Fort is also known as Sonar Qila or the Golden Fort. It is the city’s most iconic feature. It is situated dramatically on the Trikuta Hill. The structure is one of the largest and oldest living forts in the world, with people still living within its ancient walls. The fort is built entirely from yellow sandstone, which takes on a golden glow at sunrise and sunset, giving Jaisalmer its nickname. Inside the fort’s labyrinthine alleys, you’ll find detailed carved Jain temples, a royal palace and a maze of homes, shops and cafes. Walking through the fort is like stepping into a living museum, where history breathes in every stone.

Havelis

Jaisalmer is also famous for its havelis, built by wealthy merchants during the city’s golden age. These mansions, like Patwon Ki Haveli, Salim Singh Ki Haveli, and Nathmal Ki Haveli, are masterpieces of Rajput architecture. They are decorated with delicate latticework, balconies and carvings that show the craftsmanship of the era. The havelis tell stories of a time when Jaisalmer thrived as a centre of trade and culture, despite its harsh desert surroundings.

Thar Desert

Beyond the city, the vast Thar Desert has a landscape of dunes, thorny shrubs and star-studded skies that stretch endlessly. The Sam Sand Dunes are located about 40 km from Jaisalmer. They are a popular spot for camel safaris, folk performances and desert camping under the stars. This is where you truly feel the magic of the desert such as riding a camel at sunset, listening to the sounds of Rajasthani music around a bonfire and watching the night sky unfold above you.

Festivals

Jaisalmer is also a city of festivals and traditions. The Desert Festival is held every February. This festival is a celebration of desert life and they organise camel races, turban-tying competitions, puppet shows and folk dances. The city’s handicrafts is known for the embroidered textiles, leather goods, silver jewellery and wooden artefacts.

Best time to visit Rajasthan

The best time to visit Rajasthan is during the cooler months, from October to March. That’s when the weather is pleasant, the desert sun is gentle, and the days are perfect for exploring the palaces, forts and markets. I love visiting in November or February, when the air is crisp, and the colours of Rajasthan feel even more vivid. The evenings can get chilly, especially in places like Jaisalmer or Udaipur. So I always pack a light jacket.

Summer, from April to June, is extremely hot. The desert heat is intense, and the temperatures can reach 45°C or higher, making sightseeing quite difficult. Monsoon season, from July to September, brings some relief from the heat, but the rains can be unpredictable, and some areas may become humid or muddy. Overall, the winter season is when Rajasthan’s beauty truly shines, with festivals, camel fairs and cultural events adding to the magic of the experience.

How to get to Rajasthan

Getting to Rajasthan is an adventure in itself, and there are several ways to make the journey depending on where you’re coming from. Most travellers start by flying into Delhi or Mumbai, the major international gateways to India. From there, you can either take a domestic flight to one of Rajasthan’s main airports: Jaipur, Udaipur, or Jodhpur. Or travel by train or bus for a more scenic experience.

Flights

I find flights the quickest option if I want to save time, as Rajasthan is well-connected by air. Jaipur is the capital city and the most popular entry point, with regular flights from Delhi, Mumbai and other major cities. Udaipur and Jodhpur also have good domestic connections.

Train

If I’m in no rush and want to enjoy the journey itself, travelling by train is a classic Indian experience. Rajasthan has an extensive rail network, and the trains from Delhi or Mumbai to cities like Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Bikaner and Jaisalmer are comfortable and affordable. Some trains, like the Palace on Wheels, even offer a luxury experience with a touch of royal Rajasthan.

Bus

For shorter distances or budget-friendly travel, I take buses. There are government-run and private operators services between Rajasthan’s cities and neighbouring states. Road trips are also a popular choice, especially if you want to explore Rajasthan at your own pace and stop along the way to enjoy the desert landscapes, villages and historical sites.

Booking tip: The easiest way to book bus or train tickets in India is via 12Go.

Reading tip: How to book train tickets as foreigner in India

Highlights in India

Explore the exotic culture and history of India with my comprehensive travel guide! Discover valuable tips, top destinations and useful links to other India-related articles. Immerse yourself in the Indian culture and Hinduism with our beginner’s guide, which covers customs, etiquette and key Hindu gods. Or learn more about the lesser-known religion, Jainism.

Are you looking for travel inspiration? Consider a visit to the enchanting City of Lakes, Udaipur, or indulge in a shopping spree in Jaipur. Discover the majestic palaces of Rajasthan. Marvel at the colonial architecture of Kochi in Kerala or explore historical temples, palaces and ruins in Hampi. Let India’s wonders inspire you!

Explore the best of South India with this 5-week itinerary. It is covering pristine beaches, majestic temples, wonderful landscapes and cultural treasures. From the sun-soaked shores of Goa to the ancient wonders of Tamil Nadu. This journey is a deep dive into the soul of Southern India.

Travelling solo as a female backpacker in India is often seen as bold, risky and even a little crazy. But for me, it turned out to be one of the most empowering experiences of my life. India is intense, beautiful, chaotic and deeply spiritual all at once. As a female solo traveller, I faced plenty of challenges, but I also discovered unexpected kindness, inspiring places and a deeper sense of independence than I ever thought possible. Read more about my personal experience of travelling solo in India.