When we think of Phuket, Thailand, most of us would think of the crystal-clear waters, the stunning beaches, and the top-notch hospitality. However, did you know that Phuket has a long and rich history that dates back to the 1st century A.D? The island played a significant role in the maritime trade route and was a melting pot of cultures. In the articles I’m going to delve deeper into the highlights to visit in Phuket as well it’s history, architecture and Thai culture.

History

Phuket’s history goes back to prehistoric times. The earliest known inhabitants of Phuket were the sea gypsies or the Chao Leh. These were seafaring tribes who were expert navigators and fishermen. They lived in stilted huts and fished in the waters surrounding the island. Their presence in Phuket can be traced back to the 1st century A.D. And even today they still inhabit the island and maintain their traditional way of life.

Maritime trade route

Phuket’s strategic location made it a crucial hub in the maritime trade route between China, India, and the Malay Peninsula. The island was an important stopover for ships to replenish their supplies and restock on provisions. Phuket was also a significant source of tin, which was in high demand during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The era of the tin mines

The 18th and 19th centuries saw a surge in the tin-mining industry. Many Chinese migrants were brought to Phuket to work in the mines, which helped increase the island’s wealth. These migrants also brought with them their culture and traditions, which had a tremendous influence on Phuket’s architecture and cuisine.

The growth of the tourism industry

Phuket’s tourism industry started booming in the 1980s. With its stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters, it attracted tourists from all over the world.  Phuket today is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Thailand, welcoming millions of visitors every year. Even with the growth of the tourism industry, Phuket has managed to preserve its traditional heritage.

Architecture in Phuket

Sino-Portuguese

Let’s start with Sino-Portuguese architecture. During the 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in Phuket and created a fusion style that combined European features, such as colonnaded verandas and ornate window frames, with traditional Chinese motifs, like dragons. Phuket Old Town, with its charming pastel-coloured shophouses and elaborate façades, showcase this style.

Thai architecture

From Sino-Portuguese we move on to the typical Thai architecture: wooden houses with steep roofs and intricate gables. Wat Chalong temple is one of the best examples of Thai architecture in Phuket. The temple was built in the 19th century and is near the centre of the island. You’ll be amazed as you walk inside the temple, surrounded by intricate wood carvings and colourful paintings. On special occasions, Wat Chalong comes alive with cultural festivals and parades that are worth experiencing.

Big Buddha

Another must-see is the iconic Big Buddha, located atop Nakkerd Hill. It’s one of the tallest Buddha statues in the world, standing at 45 metres tall. The Big Buddha can be seen from almost anywhere in Phuket and, as you climb the stairs to the statue, you’ll find small alcoves with smaller Buddha sculptures. From the statue’s base, you can watch the sunset over Kata Beach, making for a truly unforgettable experience.

Hotels and resorts

The island is home to many international hotel chains, but the ones that stand out are the ones that integrate local elements in their design. The Anantara Mai Khao, for example, is a luxurious resort that blends traditional Thai elements with contemporary designs. The resort’s villas use natural materials like wood and stone, while its landscape design integrates the area’s lush vegetation.

Thai culture

Temples and Shrines

Among the attractions that draw visitors to Phuket, perhaps the most iconic are its temples and shrines. The island is home to dozens of these beautiful structures, each of which has intricate designs, colourful paintings, and ornate carvings. The biggest and most famous temple on the island is Wat Chalong. This grand temple houses a towering pagoda along with shrines dedicated to various deities. Another must-visit temple is the nearby Wat Phra Thong, which houses the revered golden Buddha statue.

Cultural festivals

No trip to Phuket is complete without experiencing one of its many vibrant cultural festivals. Some of the most famous festivals in Phuket include the annual Vegetarian Festival, the Songkran Festival and the Loy Krathong Festival. During these events, locals and visitors alike come together to witness magnificent parades, traditional dances, and the spectacle of fireworks. As an essential part of Thai culture, these festivals offer a peek into the country’s long-standing traditions and beliefs. Check the dates with locals beforehand and prepare to be wowed.

Traditional Food

Thai cuisine is celebrated worldwide for its delicious flavours and creative use of ingredients. At the same time, many tourists who visit Thailand only experience the popular tourist food that might not be too different from what they may have tried back home. In Phuket, however, a foodie can choose to be adventurous and try out traditional Thai dishes such as tom yam soup, pad thai noodles or green papaya salad. After all, the roots of Thai food are embedded in Phuket as it has been a trading hub since ancient times and influences from around Southeast Asia have resulted in unique dishes.

Thai Craftsmanship

Craftsmanship in Phuket is still prevalent today and the island is known for its traditional handicrafts such as batik, wooden carvings, and pottery. The Thalang Road ward is a great place to visit if you want to explore the island’s ancient tradition. Here, you will find shops and galleries selling everything that you need from batik printed fabrics and scented candles to intricate mosaics. Many of these stores offer workshops where you can try your hand at making your own handicrafts to take home with you as souvenir.

Historical and cultural places to visit

Old Phuket town

One of the best places to experience Phuket’s fascinating history is in Old Phuket Town. The Sino-Portuguese architecture in the town is a testament to the influence that Chinese migrants had on the island’s architecture. The buildings are characterized by ornate facades, bright colours, and intricate designs. You can also visit the Chinpracha House, a beautifully restored mansion, which offers a glimpse into the lifestyle of a wealthy Chinese family in the late 19th century.

Thai Hua Museum

The Thai Hua Museum, located in Phuket Old Town, is another great place to learn about Phuket’s traditional heritage. The museum is housed in a beautifully restored Sino-Portuguese building and showcases the history and culture of the island from its early days to the present. You can admire traditional costumes, tools used in tin mining, old photographs and learn about the Chinese and Thai communities.

Wat Chalong Temple

Wat Chalong Temple is the largest Buddhist temple in Phuket and an important place of worship. The temple is beautifully decorated with intricate carvings, murals, and Buddha statues. You can also attend a merit-making ceremony, where locals offer food and gifts to the monks. During major festivals like Songkran, the temple hosts cultural performances and becomes a hub of activity.

Phuket heritage trails

Phuket Heritage Trails offers a unique way to explore Phuket’s traditional heritage. You can take a walking tour or a bike tour and explore the island’s charming villages, historic sites, and local markets. The tours are led by experienced local guides who provide insights into Phuket’s culture and history. You can also taste local food, participate in handicraft workshops, and learn about traditional medicine.

Baba-Nyonya Peranakan Museum

The Baba-Nyonya Peranakan Museum, located in the heart of Phuket Old Town, offers a fascinating insight into the local Chinese culture. The museum is housed in a restored Sino-Colonial mansion and showcases the lifestyle, customs, and costumes of the Baba-Nyonya community. You can admire elaborate furniture, family portraits, and traditional clothing. The museum’s highlight is a puppet theatre that uses intricate wooden puppets to perform Chinese and Thai stories.

How to get around in Phuket

Tuk-tuks and Taxis

Tuk-tuks and taxis are the most common mode of transportation in Phuket. These are easily available and convenient to use if you are covering a short distance and are not traveling in a big group. The fares are reasonably priced, and you can negotiate the price with the driver before getting in.

Motorbikes

Another popular way to get around Phuket is by renting a motorbike or scooter. This mode of transport gives you the flexibility to go anywhere on the island at your convenience and is ideal for those who want to explore the island at their own pace. It’s important to wear a helmet and drive carefully as the roads can be winding, hilly, and congested in some areas. Please take care when renting bikes from street vendors and make sure you have adequate insurance.

Songthaews

Songthaews are shared minivans that run as public transportation in Phuket. These are an excellent option if you need to travel farther distances, such as going to the airport or from one end of the island to another. They’re a cheap way to get around, and fares are more reasonable than a taxi. But they only operate on specific routes, so check before getting on to ensure they are going in the direction you want to go.

Private Car Services

Private car service, such as Grab, are now operating in Phuket, making it an increasingly popular mode of transportation. You can easily book a ride via your phone app, and a driver will pick you up wherever you are. This option may be more expensive than hiring a taxi or riding a songthaew, but it’s convenient and offers fixed pricing.

Walking and Bicycling

Phuket is home to many stunning scenic walks that will have you experiencing the city from a unique perspective. Walking or cycling is ideal for getting to know the city’s culture, architecture, and history. Phuket has bike-friendly routes for cyclists that explore the island’s charming towns, quaint markets and stunning beaches. You can rent bicycles from shops offering bike rentals.

Monumental highlights in Thailand

Thailand is a popular tourist destination known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture, and delicious cuisine. It offers something for everyone, from adventurous backpackers to luxury travellers.

Sukothai

Sukhothai is a city located in the northern part of Thailand and was once the capital of the Sukhothai Kingdom. It is known for its well-preserved ruins and historical sites, making it a must-visit destination for history buffs. The Sukhothai Historical Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to over 190 temple ruins, including the famous Wat Mahathat.

Aside from its ancient temples and ruins, Sukhothai also offers stunning landscapes and natural attractions. Visitors can go hiking in Ramkhamhaeng National Park or take a boat ride on the scenic Thung Salaeng Luang National Park.

Ayutthaya

Located just an hour away from Bangkok, Ayutthaya is another ancient city that was once the capital of Thailand. It is a popular day trip destination for tourists, and its historical park is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city is famous for its intricate Buddhist temples and impressive architecture.

One of the must-visit temples in Ayutthaya is Wat Chaiwatthanaram, known for its stunning Khmer-style architecture and picturesque location by the river. Visitors can also take a tour of the Bang Pa-In Royal Palace, a beautiful palace complex that was once used by the Thai royal family.

Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai is a charming city situated in northern Thailand and is known for its rich culture and stunning temples. One of the top attractions in this city is Doi Suthep, a temple complex located on top of a mountain offering breathtaking views of the city.

Aside from its beautiful temples, Chiang Mai also offers a vast array of outdoor activities for visitors to enjoy. From trekking in the lush jungles to white water rafting in the Mae Taeng River, there is something for everyone in this vibrant city.