Bangkok is the dynamic capital of Thailand. It is a city where ancient traditions mix with modern innovations. The city is famous for its lively streets, beautiful temples and cultural heritage. Visiting the city is truly a unique experience. A few monumental highlights of Bangkok are the Grand Palace, the iconic Wat Pho that are both situated along the Chao Phraya River. These historic landmarks reflect the spirit of Thai culture.
Table of Contents
History
Bangkok is known as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon in Thai. Or in short, Krung Thep. The city has a fascinating history that goes back several centuries. Bangkok has been shaped by dynastic changes, foreign influences, and strategic geographical importance.
Early history and origins
The area where Bangkok is situated today was originally a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350-1767). This Kingdom was one of the most powerful empires in Southeast Asia. The city is situated along the Chao Phraya River and well-positioned for trade. But Bangkok was overshadowed by the capital of Ayutthaya. This city is located north of Bangkok.
The rise of Bangkok
The Ayutthaya Kingdom fell into the hands of Burmese invaders in 1767. The invaders destroyed the capital and General Taksin established a new capital at Thonburi. This was just across the river from modern-day Bangkok in 1768. His reign was short-lived and in 1782 King Rama I moved the capital across the river to its current location in Bangkok. King Rama I was the founder of the Chakri Dynasty. He named the city Krung Thep, which means “City of Angels.” But its full ceremonial name is the longest place name in the world: Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Ayuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit.
The Chakri Dynasty
King Rama I’s decision to move the capital to Bangkok was the beginning of the city’s development into an urban metropolis. The city rapidly grew as the seat of the new kingdom. There were many constructions of large landmarks like the Grand Palace, Wat Phra Kaew, and numerous temples. Each successive monarch of the Chakri Dynasty (now Thailand’s royal family) continued to develop the city. They introduced modern infrastructure, education, and trade.
Colonial and modern influences
In the 19th century, during the reign of King Rama IV (King Mongkut) and King Rama V (King Chulalongkorn), Bangkok began to modernize. The kings were keen on preventing colonial powers, such as Britain and France, from taking control of Thailand. They negotiated favourable treaties with Western nations and started to modernize the economy, military, and government institutions. These developments are the foundation of Thailand we know today.
The 20th century
The early 20th century was marked by political turmoil and social changes. The Siamese Revolution in 1932 ended the absolute monarchy, changing Thailand into a constitutional monarchy. The country experienced fast modernization during the reign of King Rama VII. And later under the military-led government of Field Marshal Phibunsongkhram. Bangkok’s population boomed after the two world wars and the city became an important point for both commerce and tourism.
Bangkok today
Bangkok is one Asia’s most important economic centres. Skyscrapers, modern infrastructure, and large shopping districts is in contrast with the tranquil temples and traditional markets that reflect the city’s cultural heritage. Despite the challenges posed by rapid urbanization, Bangkok remains a city deeply tied to its cultural and Buddhist roots.
Wat Pho
Wat Pho is also known as the Temple of the Reclining Buddha. It is one of Bangkok’s oldest and most respected temples. Wat Pho is famous for its grandeur and historical importance. It is located near the Grand Palace, strategically placed along the Chao Phraya River in the heart of Bangkok. It’s one of the most touristy monumental highlights of Bangkok. but definitely worth a visit.
History of Wat Pho
Wat Pho was originally built in the 16th century during the reign of King Ramathibodi II of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. But it was King Rama I (reigning from 1782–1809), the founder of the Chakri Dynasty, who renovated and expanded the temple in the late 18th century. He changed it into a royal temple.
The temple was originally known as Wat Phra Chetuphon. It was named after the former royal temple during the Ayutthaya era. Its popular name, Wat Pho, comes from the Pali term “Buddha’s footprint.” It is a reference to the presence of relics associated with the historical Buddha.
King Rama I’s renovations included the construction of many of the temple’s now-famous structures and the Reclining Buddha statue. His son, King Rama III (reigned 1824–1851), further decorated the temple. He added new buildings and decorative elements. Wat Pho was also the site of the first public education institution in Thailand. It was established by King Rama III and included traditional medicine, massage, and other cultural subjects.
Architectural features
Wat Pho is a great example of classical Thai architecture. It combines traditional Buddhist temple design with royal grandeur. The temple complex has several remarkable architectural elements.
The Reclining Buddha (Phra Buddhasaiyas)
The centrepiece of Wat Pho is the massive Reclining Buddha statue and is one of the largest in Thailand. The statue is 46 meters long and 15 meters high. The statue shows the Buddha in the posture of passing into Nirvana, symbolizing the end of his earthly existence. The statue’s body is covered in gold leaf. The soles of the feet are decorated with pearl.
The Phra Ubosot (Main Chapel)
The Phra Ubosot is the main building of the temple complex. This chapel is characterized by its traditional Thai architectural style, including a tiered roof with a distinctive golden spire. The walls are decorated with wall paintings and detailed artwork showing scenes from Buddhist teachings.
The Stupas (Chedi)
Wat Pho is famous for its 91 stupas. The stupas are scattered across the temple grounds. These include several large, decorated stupas built by King Rama I and King Rama III. The stupas are important symbols of Buddhist faith, and many contain the ashes of the royal family and admired monks. Each stupa is decorated with colourful tiles, ceramics, and other materials, making them a visual highlight of the temple.
The Wiharn (Ordination Hall)
The Wiharn is another important structure within Wat Pho. The hall is a place for ceremonies and ordinations. The hall is home to the temple’s most admired Buddha images, including an important golden Buddha statue.
The courtyards and garden
The temple’s grounds are spacious and meticulously landscaped. There are courtyards, galleries lined with statues of sitting Buddhas, and smaller shrines. The gardens are quiet and give the complex a serene atmosphere.
Traditional Thai Medicine and Massage School
Wat Pho is also known as the birthplace of Thai traditional medicine and massage. The temple has a school where students learn about herbal medicine, massage techniques, and anatomy. This makes Wat Pho a living example of Thai healing arts and culture. The temple is still a centre for practicing traditional Thai massage. The Thai massage or Nuad Thai taught at Wat Pho has been included on the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Wat Pho has trained more than 200,000 massage therapists who practice in 145 countries.
Cultural and religious impact
Wat Pho is not just a major tourist attraction but also a respectable centre for Buddhist learning and practice. The temple’s collection of statues, murals, and inscriptions are a treasure of historical and religious knowledge. The murals, in particular, reflect Thai religious art traditions and show scenes from Buddhist mythology and Thai folklore. The temple also has a large collection of inscriptions that document various aspects of Thai history, making Wat Pho an valuable cultural archive.
In addition to its role as a place of worship and learning, Wat Pho is an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists. The temple’s association with the Reclining Buddha symbolizes the final journey to enlightenment, attracting both religious visitors and tourists.
Renovations and preservation
Since its founding Wat Pho has undergone multiple renovations and restorations to preserve its architectural and artistic integrity. The restoration work undertaken by King Rama IV and King Rama V. It has made sure the continued splendour of the temple’s iconic elements. It remains one of the most admired temples in Thailand.
The Grand Palace
The Grand Palace (Phra Borom Maha Ratcha Wang) in Bangkok was used as the official residence of the Thai monarchs since its establishment in 1782. It’s still a permanent symbol of the country’s royal heritage. The Grand Palace is not only a royal residence but also a religious, cultural, and administrative centre. The palace is home to several important structures, including temples and government buildings. Its architecture is a stunning mix of traditional Thai, European, and other Southeast Asian influences.
History of the Grand Palace
The Grand Palace was constructed in 1782 by King Rama I. The establishment of the Grand Palace marked the beginning of a new era for Thailand. King Rama I supervised the creation of the palace as a symbol of royal authority, and it was designed to represent both the sacred and the secular aspects of the monarchy.
The palace complex was continually expanded and modified by successive kings, especially during the reigns of Rama III, Rama IV, and Rama V. They added various structures, gardens, and courtyards. During the reign of King Rama VII (1925–1935), some of the royal functions were moved to other locations. In time the Grand Palace’s role as the primary royal residence diminished. The palace is no longer the royal residence but remains a ceremonial site and a museum.
Architectural features of the Grand Palace
The architecture of the Grand Palace is a reflection of the artistic traditions of Thailand. The design mixes traditional Thai style with European influences. It resulted in a unique and highly ornamental aesthetic. Some of the best architectural elements include:
The Outer Court
The Grand Palace complex is divided into several sections. The Outer Court is the largest and most public. This area was originally used for government administration and was the home of royal guards and other personnel. It includes important buildings such as the Chakri Maha Prasat Hall, an example of Thai-European hybrid architecture. The building has traditional Thai architectural elements like tiered roofs and decorative details. But it’s also mixed with European influences, such as neoclassical columns and a European-style façade. This fusion symbolizes Thailand’s diplomatic and cultural openness during the 19th century.
The Inner Court
The Inner Court is the private area of the Grand Palace, where the royal family and close associates used to live. Only members of the royal family and their attendants had access to this area. The Inner Court, the Phra Maha Monthien (the Royal Reception Hall) and the Phra Thinang Amarin Winitchai (the Grand Throne Hall) are important structures. These halls were used for official royal ceremonies, such as coronations and audiences with foreign personages. The architecture here is more traditional Thai in style, with wooden carvings, gold details and decorated interior spaces.
The Emerald Buddha Temple (Wat Phra Kaew)
One of the most famous structures within the Grand Palace complex is Wat Phra Kaew. This is the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. This temple is considered the holiest Buddhist site in Thailand and has the Emerald Buddha statue. The statue is made of jade and is a symbol of Thai kingship.
Phra Maha Chedi (Royal Chedi)
The Phra Maha Chedi is a pagoda located within the Grand Palace grounds. It is a large, bell-shaped structure that has relics of the Buddha and is as a symbol of the monarchy’s role as the protector of Buddhism. The chedi’s base is surrounded by smaller chedis that represent the royal family and various Buddhist deities. The pagoda’s design is an example display of traditional Thai architectural craftsmanship.
The Grand Palace is closely tied to Buddhism. The temple complex and its various buildings are also places for religious offerings and rites. The palace is often used for religious observances, with members of the royal family participating in ceremonies to pay respect to the Buddha.
National Museum of Bangkok
The National Museum of Bangkok is located near the Grand Palace. The museum was founded in 1782 during the reign of King Rama I. It has become a central institution for preserving and displaying Thailand’s artistic and historical treasures. The museum has a fascinating collection that goes back thousands of years. It’s a great monumental highlights of Bangkok when you have some spare time.
Collection
The National Museum of Bangkok has an extensive collection of artifacts, with exhibits covering a wide range of subjects. Some of its key collections include:
- Prehistoric artifacts: The museum’s prehistoric section displays tools, pottery, and other items from Thailand’s ancient civilizations. These artifacts date back thousands of years and give an insight into the development of early Thai culture.
- Buddhist art and religious objects: As Thailand has a long and deeply rooted Buddhist heritage, the museum has a large collection of Buddhist art. The collection includes sculptures, paintings, and sacred relics. They also have images of the Buddha, ancient Buddhist manuscripts, and items used in religious ceremonies.
- Thai decorative arts: The museum also has traditional Thai arts and crafts, such as ceramics, textiles, jewellery, and wood carvings. Many of these pieces highlight the craftsmanship and artistic styles that have developed over centuries. A few examples include Lai Rod Nam, the traditional Thai gold and silverware and Bencharong porcelain.
- Traditional Thai musical Instruments and Ethnological exhibits: The museum has a section dedicated to the study of Thailand’s ethnology with tools, clothes, and artifacts from various ethnic groups. Visitors can learn about the cultural diversity within the country. There is also a collection of traditional Thai musical instruments.
- Temporary exhibitions: In addition to its permanent collection, the National Museum regularly hosts temporary exhibitions that focus on specific themes or artistic periods. These exhibitions may feature items loaned from private collections or from other museums across the world.
The museum is an excellent opportunity to explore the history of Thailand in a single location and learn about the country’s changing culture, traditions and royal history.
Wat Suthat Thep Wararam Ratchawora mahawihan
Wat Suthat Thep Wararam Ratchawora Mahawihan is also known as Wat Suthat. It is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Bangkok. The temple was founded during the reign of King Rama I and completed under King Rama III. Wat Suthat is renowned for its architecture and mixes traditional Thai design with royal influences. The temple’s ubosot (ordination hall) has a seated Buddha statue, Phra Phuttha Suthat. Wat Suthat is also famous for the nearby Giant Swing (Sao Ching Cha), a symbolic structure used in an ancient Hindu ceremony.
Giant Swing
The Giant Swing (Sao Ching Cha) is a landmark in Bangkok and located in front of Wat Suthat. The Giant Swing was built in 1784 and it was originally used for a ceremonial swinging ritual in honour of the Hindu god Shiva. Participants would swing high into the air, trying to grab a golden bag of coins. The ceremony was stopped in 1935 due to safety concerns, but the Giant Swing stays an important cultural symbol. The red-painted structure is 21 meters tall and is a reminder of Thailand’s royal and religious traditions.
Try the best Pad Thai at Thipsamai
Thipsamai Pad Thai is one of Bangkok’s most famous restaurants. The restaurant is renowned for serving the best Pad Thai in the city. Thipsamai was established in 1966 and started as a food stall. This legendary restaurant uses fresh ingredients, a signature sauce, and a perfect balance of flavours. Their iconic Pad Thai is a must-try dish. With a long-standing reputation and a loyal following, Thipsamai has a delicious, authentic taste of Thailand’s beloved Pad Thai.
Wat Ratchanatdaram
One of the best monumental highlights of Bangkok is Wat Ratchanatdaram. It is a Buddhist temple in Bangkok and not crowded by tourists. The temple is known for its unique Loha Prasat (Metal Castle), a rare architectural feature in Thailand. Built during the reign of King Rama III in the 19th century, the temple’s structure has of multiple tiers of metal spires. It is one of only three such structures in the world. It is dedicated to the teachings of the Buddha. Wat Ratchanatdaram is not only a place of worship but also open to visitors to explore the temple.
The Queen’s Gallery
The Queen’s Gallery in Bangkok is an art gallery displaying the work of Thai artists, both contemporary and traditional. The gallery was established under the patronage of Queen Sirikit to promote and preserve Thai art and culture. They regularly host exhibitions, and when I visited in June 2024, they were showing a fascinating collection of college students’ thesis projects.
Wat Sa Ket Ratchawora Mahawihan
Wat Saket Ratchawora Mahawihan is also referrend to as Wat Saket or the Golden Mount. It is a historic temple in Bangkok, famous for its golden chedi that is located on top of a hill. The temple is built during the Ayutthaya period and later renovated in the 18th century under King Rama I. The temple has amazing panoramic views of the city. You can climb the staircase lined with trees and statues to reach the top. The chedi holds sacred relics and Wat Sa Ket is a serene and spiritual landmark to visit.
Jim Thompson House Museum
The Jim Thompson House Museum in Bangkok is a bit of a unique destination. The museum gives you an insight into the life of the American businessman and art collector Jim Thompson. He helped restore the Thai silk industry in the 1950s and 1960s. The museum is set in a traditional Thai teak house and they have an impressive collection of Southeast Asian art, antiques, and silk products. The museum is surrounded by a beautiful garden. The house is a mix of Thai architecture and Western influences. Visitors can explore the beautifully preserved home, learn about Thompson’s mysterious disappearance in 1967, and appreciate the cultural heritage he helped promote.
Bangkok Art and Culture centre
The Bangkok Art and Culture Centre (BACC) is a contemporary arts centre in the heart of Bangkok. They have a wide range of visual arts, performances, and cultural events. The BACC opened in 2008 and they have rotating exhibitions of both Thai and international artists. The BACC also organises performances, film screenings, and workshops. The architecture of the building has modern design elements and spacious galleries. The BACC has become a popular destination for art lovers. It is a dynamic space for creative expression and encouraging the city’s growing art scene.
Lumphini Park
Lumphini Park is a peaceful green oasis in the heart of Bangkok. It is a welcome escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. The park was founded in the 1920s and named after the birthplace of the Buddha (Lumbini) in Nepal. Lumphini Park has beautiful lakes, walking paths, and green gardens. Visitors can enjoy a range of outdoor activities, from jogging and yoga to taking a boat out on the lake. The park is also home to diverse wildlife, including monitor lizards and various bird species. With its tranquil atmosphere and scenic views, Lumphini Park is a popular spot to relax and unwind.
Chatuchak weekend market
Chatuchak Weekend Market is one of Bangkok’s largest and most famous markets. At this market they have around 15,000 stalls. The market is a maze of shops selling everything from clothing and accessories to antiques, home decor, pets, and street food. There is an eclectic (and questionable) mix of products at affordable prices. Whether you’re looking for unique souvenirs, fashion, or tasty Thai snacks, Chatuchak is a lively and diverse shopping adventure.
How to get around in Bangkok
Getting around Bangkok is relatively easy, thanks to its diverse transportation options. Here are some of the most popular ways to navigate the city:
BTS Skytrain
The BTS Skytrain is one of the most efficient ways to travel in Bangkok. Especially if you prefer to avoid traffic. It covers key areas such as Sukhumvit, Silom, and Siam, and is fast, affordable, and air-conditioned.
MRT Subway
The MRT Subway is another great option for getting around, connecting areas like Hua Lamphong, Sukhumvit, and Chatuchak. It is a reliable and easy-to-use public transport system.
Taxis and Grab
Taxis are widely available and relatively inexpensive, but traffic congestion can be an issue. Grab is a ride-sharing service and is also very popular in Thailand. It is a very convenient way to book rides via their app.
Buses
Bangkok has an extensive bus network, with both air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned options. While buses are cheap, they can be slow due to traffic, and routes can be confusing for non-locals.
Tuk-Tuks
These three-wheeled vehicles are an iconic part of Bangkok’s landscape. Though not the most comfortable or safest option, tuk-tuks are a fun way to experience the city, particularly for short distances. Negotiate the price beforehand.
Motorbike Taxis
For quick and efficient travel through traffic, motorbike taxis are a popular choice, especially for short trips. They are easily recognizable by the drivers wearing coloured vests. They can also be booked via Grab.
Walking
For short distances, walking is often a pleasant and effective way to explore neighbourhoods like Sukhumvit, Siam or Old Bangkok. Many areas are pedestrian-friendly, though it’s important to be cautious of traffic and hot weather.
Each mode of transport has its advantages, and the best option often depends on your destination and the time of day. Combining different forms of transport will allow you to navigate Bangkok efficiently and experience the city from various perspectives.
Best time to visit Bangkok
The best time to visit Bangkok is during the cool season, which typically starts in November and ends in February. During this period, the weather is more comfortable, with lower humidity and cooler temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F). It’s the ideal time for sightseeing, outdoor activities, and exploring the city’s attractions without the intense heat.
Here’s a breakdown of the seasons:
- Cool season (November to February): This is considered the peak tourist season due to the pleasant weather. Expect clear skies, comfortable temperatures, and lower chances of rain, making it the perfect time for sightseeing.
- Hot season (March to May): Temperatures can go above 35°C (95°F), making it hot and humid. While it’s still possible to enjoy the city, outdoor activities can be uncomfortable, and you’ll need to stay hydrated and plan accordingly. This season also coincides with the Songkran Festival in April.
- Rainy season (June to October): This is the monsoon season, with frequent afternoon showers and high humidity. While the rain provides a break from the heat, it can cause disruptions to outdoor plans. But crowds are less during this time, and you’ll find lower hotel rates and fewer tourists.
In summary, November to February is the ideal time for pleasant weather and optimal conditions to explore Bangkok. But the rainy season and hot months have fewer tourists and a more budget-friendly experience.
Highlights to visit in Thailand
Visiting Thailand is an incredible experience and come with exploring a mix of Thai culture, Buddhism, stunning landscapes, and city life. Chiang Mai is located in the northern mountains and is famous for its ancient temples, the annual Yi Peng Lantern Festival, and nearby natural wonders like the Doi Inthanon National Park. The historical city of Sukhothai is known as the birthplace of Thai civilization. Sukhothai Historical Park has amazing ancient ruins and temples and definitely worth a visit. In central Thailand you will find Ayutthaya, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The city has majestic ancient temples and ruins from the former Siamese capital. For a more tropical escape you can travel to Phuket. This large island has many idyllic beaches, lively nightlife, and opportunities for island-hopping to places like Phi Phi Islands.
Highlights to visit in Asia
Asia is an amazing continent and famous for their cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and lively cities. When travelling in Cambodia is worth to visit Phnom Penh, the capital city. Explore the city’s colonial architecture, busy markets, and serene temples. Learn more about the tumultuous times of the Khmer Rouge at the Tuel Sleng Genocide Museum and Choeung Ek. And of course do not forget to visit the amazing temples of Angkor Wat. Next to Angkor Wat the city of Siem Reap is also worth exploring if you have the time for it. If you like to relax on an island I can recommend Koh Rong Sanloem. This is a small quiet island with crystal clear waters.
Just a short flight away is Luang Prabang in Laos. The city is known for its serene atmosphere, colonial architecture, and the stunning Kuang Si Waterfalls. The cosmopolitan city-state of Singapore is a dazzling blend of modernity and tradition. This city is famous for it’s iconic landmarks like Marina Bay Sands, the futuristic Gardens by the Bay, and cultural neighbourhoods such as Chinatown and Little India.
In Malaysia, the rainforests of Borneo have incredible wildlife experiences. From orangutan sanctuaries to colourful coral reefs in Sabah. Don’t miss Ayutthaya, an ancient city just north of Bangkok. It is home to beautiful ruins of temples and palaces, reflecting Thailand’s history. Each of these destinations is a unique sight into the diverse cultures and natural beauty of Asia.
