Thailand

Thailand is known as the “Land of Smiles,” . It is an amazing and diverse country located in Southeast Asia. It has a unique Thai Buddhist culture and history that goes back thousands of years. The beginners travel guide Thailand is an overview of places to visit, best time to go, festivals, practical travel info and more.

Thai culture

A remarkable characteristic of Thai culture is the strong believe in respect and hospitality. Visitors to Thailand run into warm and friendly locals. They are enthusiastic to share their traditions. The Thai people have a strong sense of community and kindness. It makes Thailand an easy and inviting destination for travellers. Especially when you visit Asia the first time.

Next to the welcoming Thai people the country is known for the stunning landscapes, excellent cuisine and incredible temples. The country is home to over 40,000 Buddhist temples. The temples do not only reflect the religious beliefs of the Thai people but are also an important cultural and social place to meet.

Reading tip: Beginners guide to Buddhism

History

The earliest civilization in the region can be traced back to the Ban Chiang culture. They flourished from approximately 3600 BC to 200 AD. Throughout its history, Thailand has been home to numerous kingdoms and empires. Each of them had a significant impact on the cultural and social landscape. One of the most prominent is the Kingdom of Sukhothai. It was established in the 13th century and recognized as the first independent Thai kingdom.

After Sukhothai it wass the Kingdom of Ayutthaya. This Kingdom appeared in the mid-14th century. In this period Thailand became a major trading and cultural centre in Southeast Asia. The Ayutthaya kingdom fell into the hands of the Burmese in the late 18th century. It made way for the establishment of the Rattanakosin Kingdom.

Under the leadership of King Rama I, Bangkok was founded as the new capital city. Until today Bangkok remains the capital city of Thailand. The Rattanakosin Kingdom experienced significant expansion and modernization during the reigns of King Mongkut (Rama IV) and his successor King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). This period marked Thailand’s first interactions with Western states. It lead to a series of unequal agreements that stirred nationalist movements.

The most remarkable fact is that Thailand maintained its independence. Also during the colonial era. It is one of the few Southeast Asian countries that remained independent. But the nation experienced periods of political instability and coups throughout the 20th century. In 1932 a coup led by military officers resulted in the end of absolute monarchy. Thailand became a constitutional monarchy. The country was officially renamed from Siam to Thailand in 1939. Thailand translates to “Land of the Free.”

Religion

The Buddhist religion has a major presence in Thailand. Over 90% of the population identifies as Buddhists. The country is one of the most primarily Buddhist nations worldwide. Buddhism is deeply connected into the Thai culture. It’s reflected in various practices, traditions and daily routines, such as visiting the temple.

An important symbol of Buddhism in Thailand is the image of Buddha. It is often illustrated seated in a cross-legged position with a serene expression. Buddha statues and images can be found in nearly every household, temple and public space throughout the country.

Beyond its physical representation, Buddhism plays a critical role in shaping Thai attitudes and values. The core principles of Buddhism are compassion, mindfulness and detachment from material possessions. These principles are reflected in the daily lives of Thais. You can observe this in their peaceful behaviour and strong sense of community.

Many Thais actively participate in Buddhist rituals and activities. Such as making offerings to monks, attending temple ceremonies and practicing meditation. These practices not only serve to demonstrate support but also create a sense of inner peace and mindfulness.

Buddhism has strongly influenced Thai art, architecture and literature. The country is decorated with beautiful temples, or “wats.” These temples function not only as religious sites but also as important cultural landmarks. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in Buddhism among tourists visiting Thailand. Many temples now provide meditation retreats and other activities for visitors to experience the peaceful teachings of Buddhism. Beyond being a religion, Buddhism in Thailand promotes social harmony and acceptance.

Interesting places to visit

Sukhothai

Sukhothai means “Dawn of Happiness” in Thai. It is an UNESCO World Heritage Site located in northern Thailand. Once it was the capital of the Sukhothai Kingdom from 1238 to 1438. It is thought as the birthplace of Thai art, architecture and language.

A visit to Sukhothai give you the opportunity to explore its ancient ruins and temples. The most famous temple is Wat Mahathat. It has an iconic Buddha statue surrounded by lotus petals. Wat Si Chum is remarkable for its impressive 15-meter tall Buddha image.

Beyond its historical and cultural importance, Sukhothai is celebrated for its stunning natural landscape. You can rent bicycles to go around the peaceful countryside, passing rice fields, lotus ponds and traditional Thai villages. It allows you to appreciate Thailand’s tranquil beauty.

Ayutthaya

The former capital of Ayutthaya was once among the largest and most prosperous city in the region. Know it is a popular tourist destination. Here you can admire the ancient ruins and temples that are a mix of Thai, Burmese and Khmer influences.

Key attractions in Ayutthaya are Wat Phra Si Sanphet, the holiest temple in the Ayutthaya Kingdom. It used to be the royal temple for several kings. Another interesting site is Wat Mahathat. The temple is famous for the Buddha head twisted within tree roots.

Phuket

For those looking for sun, beach and sea, Phuket is the ideal destination in Thailand. This popular island is known for its breathtaking beaches, crystal-clear waters and chaotic nightlife.

You can go on a boat and visit a few island around Phuket. Islands like Phi Phi and James Bond Island are beautiful. But keep in mind these islands are crowded with tourists. For a more cultural experience you can visit Phuket Old Town. The area has some charming Sino-Portuguese architecture, local markets and delightful Thai street food.

Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai is a charming city and located in northern Thailand. The city has many ancient temples, markets and breathtaking natural landscapes. Chiang Mai is often referred to as the cultural capital of Thailand. The city organises numerous traditional festivals and ceremonies throughout the year. One of Chiang Mai’s top attractions is Doi Suthep temple. The temple is referred to as Doi Suthep but it’s actually the name of the mountain, not the temple. From here you have an amazing view of the city. The temple is sacred for Thai people.

In and around Chiang Mai are many opportunities for trekking, white-water rafting and cycling through the picturesque countryside. Or try the famous Northern Thai dishes such as khao soi (curry noodle soup) and sai ua (spicy sausage).

Bangkok

A trip to Thailand would be incomplete without a visit to the capital city Bangkok. Take the time to explore the Grand Palace complex and view the iconic Emerald Buddha statue. Or board a longtail boat to explore the canals and floating markets. Food enthusiasts will appreciate the diverse mix of street food stalls and night markets.

Festivals

Thailand is a country that celebrates a few of holidays throughout the year. From traditional Buddhist festivals to modern-day international celebrations. There is always something exciting happening in Thailand. Here is a list of some of the most popular holidays celebrated in this beautiful Southeast Asian country.

Songkran

Songkran is also known as the Thai New Year. It is one of the biggest and most famous holidays in Thailand. It takes place from April 13th to 15th each year and marks the beginning of the traditional Thai calendar. During this holiday people hold water fights and throw scented water at each other to symbolize cleansing and renewal.

Loy Krathong

Loy Krathong is another important holiday in Thailand. It is usually celebrated in November. This festival is a celebration of the full moon. The Thai people make beautifully decorated baskets made from banana leaves. They release them into rivers, lakes and canals as a symbol of letting go of negativity and making wishes for the future.

Chinese New Year

Thailand has a large Chinese population and Chinese New Year is widely celebrated throughout the country. The date varies each year but usually falls in late January or early February. During this holiday, you can experience dragon dances, parades, firecrackers and delicious Chinese food all over Thailand.

Christmas

While Christmas may not be a traditional Thai holiday, it has become increasingly popular in the country. Especially in cities like Bangkok and Chiang Mai. The streets are decorated with colourful lights and many shopping malls and restaurants offer special Christmas promotions and events.

King’s Birthday

Thailand celebrates the birthday of their beloved king, His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn. His birthday is on July 28^th. This holiday is also the National Thai Language Day, to promote the importance of preserving the Thai language and culture.

Visakha Bucha

Visakha Bucha is an important Buddhist holiday that honours Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death. It falls on a full moon day in May and is celebrated with colourful processions, candlelit ceremonies and other activities at temples across the country.

Festivals

Here is a list of festivals in Thailand.

Yi Peng Festival

Known as the Lantern Festival, Yi Peng occurs simultaneously with Loi Krathong and features the release of thousands of lanterns into the sky, representing the release of worries and negativity.

Phi Ta Khon Festival

This unique festival is held in the town of Dan Sai. Locals dress themselves in colourful ghost costumes, dance to traditional music and partake in playful water-throwing.

Chiang Mai Flower Festival

The Chiang Mai Flower Festival is held in February. This festival celebrates the stunning floral beauty of Chiang Mai with parades, flower exhibitions and competitions.

Bo Sang Umbrella Festival

Also referred to as the International Folk Arts & Crafts Fair, this festival honours the traditional craft of umbrella-making in Bo Sang village. They organise parades, workshops and local cuisine.

Practical info

Currency: Thai Baht ฿

ATM: In the cities are many ATM’s. Most of them accept Mastercard, Visa and Maestro. Be sure to bring a credit card in case a maestro-card doesn’t work. A tip: withdrawing money from an ATM is cheaper when using a credit card instead of using a debit card.

Languages: Official language is Thai. In major cities many people speak English.

Religion: Buddhism

Capital city: Bangkok

Visa: Most nationalities don’t require a visa and can stay for 30 days. Read the article about visa Thailand for more information.

Local SIM card: It’s easy to get a local Thai sim card. You can buy one from many providers at the airport, 7-Eleven stores, Family Mart Shops, Tesco Lotus or mobile phone stores. Bring your passport. Without ID you can’t purchase a tourist sim card. Every sim card must be registered to the buyer’s ID by law.

eSIM: Consider Airalo as a viable option for purchasing an eSIM. It’s crucial to ensure that your phone supports eSIM usage before investing in a plan.

Country code: +66

Time: UTC +7

Official Tourism Website: Amazing Thailand is the official tourism website of Thailand. Follow the link to read more about visiting Thailand.

Practical info: A long-term trip or holiday can be quite a challenge. Where does one even begin? How can you access the most relevant information? Look no further! Check out the articles below. Starting with the comprehensive “Ultimate Guide for Planning a Long-term Journey.” This guide is immensely helpful, even if you’re just planning a two-week holiday. Additionally, we’ll walk you through creating a travel budget, crafting a practical packing list (avoiding overpacking, of course), and even share some of our favourite travel apps. Bon voyage!.

Sustainable travel: Sustainable travel, also known as responsible or eco-friendly travel, is a type of tourism that aims to have a positive impact on the environment, society and economy. It involves making conscious choices and taking actions to minimize any negative effects on the destinations we visit.

Cultural travel: Cultural immersion is about fully experiencing and engaging with the local culture. It goes beyond mere observation and learning about traditions, customs, and beliefs. It involves active participation, such as trying new cuisines, attending cultural events or festivals, learning the language, and interacting with locals. By embracing this experience, one can truly appreciate and understand the different cultures.

Best time to go

Thailand is a popular destination for travellers year-round. Thanks to its tropical climate and stunning landscapes. But like many countries it experiences different seasons that can significantly influence your travel experience. This section provides a detailed overview of each season in Thailand. Along with the advantages and disadvantages of visiting during these times.

High Season (November – March)

The high season in Thailand goes from November to March. It corresponds with the winter months in the Northern Hemisphere. This period is regarded as the best time to visit the country. The weather conditions have cooler temperatures and minimal rainfall. The peak tourist season guarantees an abundance of activities, events and festivals during this time.

Pros

Ideal weather for outdoor activities such trekking, sightseeing or spending the day on the beach

Excellent conditions for island-hopping, with calm and clear seas.

Unique cultural experiences through festivals like the Lantern Festival (Loi Krathong) and New Year’s Eve celebrations.

Cons

Increased prices for flights, accommodations and activities due to higher tourist demand.

Potential long queues at popular attractions and challenges in booking (popular) accommodations in prime locations.

Some islands may face water shortages due to the hot and dry conditions.

Shoulder Season

(April – June and September – October)

The shoulder season in Thailand are the months of April to June and September to October. During this timeframe, the weather remains pleasant but rain showers and occasional heatwaves may occur. These months are considered as off-peak season. There are fewer tourists and more favourable deals on accommodations and activities.

Pros

Less crowded tourist sites provide more opportunities for peaceful relaxation.

Reduced prices for flights, accommodations and activities.

An excellent period for water activities like scuba diving and snorkelling, as the sea is at its clearest.

Cons

Hot temperatures and humidity during heatwaves, up to 45 degrees Celsius.

Occasional (heavy) rain showers may disrupt planned outdoor activities.

Low Season (July – August)

The low season in Thailand occurs from July to August. This period is marked by heavy rainfall, high humidity, and occasional storms. While it may not be the most suitable time for a beach vacation, it offers unique advantages.

Pros

The lowest prices for flights, accommodations and activities.

Green and blooming landscapes resulting from frequent rainfall.

Waterfalls are particularly full and impressive during this season.

Cons

Heavy rains can disrupt outdoor plans and lead to flooding in certain areas.

Some islands may experience water shortages due to the hot and dry weather.

Getting around in Thailand

The public transport network in Thailand may seems overwhelming for first-time visitors. This guide helps to provide a clear understanding of the various options available for getting around. Thailand offers a variety of transportation modes for different budgets and travel needs. The most commonly utilized methods include buses, trains, taxis, tuk-tuks (three-wheeled motorized vehicles) and songthaews (shared taxi trucks).

Buses

Buses are the most widely used mode of transportation in Thailand. The bus network connects nearly all major destinations across the country. There are two primary types of buses: air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned. Air-conditioned buses providing a more comfortable experience at a slightly higher cost. The typical “VIP” or “First-class” coach have reclining seats, onboard restrooms and sometimes complimentary snacks and beverages. Bus fares vary depending on distance and service class but are generally budget-friendly.

Trains

Train travel is a popular choice for covering longer distances within Thailand or for journeys to neighbouring countries like Malaysia. The State Railway of Thailand operates an extensive network that links major cities such as Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Surat Thani. The last one is a gateway to popular islands like Koh Samui. Train ticket prices are reasonable, with options available in various classes, including first-class sleepers and second-class seats.

Taxis

Taxis are a convenient way of transportation within urban areas. Taxis are pricier than other options. I recommend metered fares to avoid overcharging. In some regions they do not have metered taxis, so you have to negotiate before boarding. Please keep in mind that traffic jams in major cities like Bangkok can lead to extended travel times during peak hours.

Tuk-tuks

Tuk-tuks are the colourful three-wheeled motorized vehicles. They are particularly popular in Thailand’s tourist areas. They offer a fun and unique way to navigate short distances. Tuk-tuks typically do not use meters so it is essential to negotiate the fare in advance.

Songthaews

Songthaews are shared taxi trucks that serve as public transportation in smaller towns and rural regions. These vehicles have an open back where passengers sit facing each other along the sides of the truck bed. While they may not offer the utmost comfort, songthaews are an economical way to experience local transportation.

Motorcycles

For the adventurous and experienced traveller, renting a motorcycle presents an exciting opportunity to explore Thailand. Rental shops are widespread in most tourist destinations and prices are generally affordable. Safety should be a priority and tourists are encouraged to wear helmets and stick to traffic regulations, as road conditions in Thailand can be unpredictable.