Sri Lanka is a country blessed with natural wonders. Horton Plains National Park is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful of them all. Located deep in the central highlands of Sri Lanka, Horton Plains is an inspiring landscape of misty valleys, rolling hills, and pristine forests. It provides a refuge for numerous rare and endangered species of flora and fauna, including the elusive leopard. But beyond the natural beauty and the incredible wildlife, Horton Plains has a rich cultural and historical significance that you may not have heard before.
Are you planning a visit to Sri Lanka or are you simply looking for some adventure and inspiration? Settle in as I take you through the history of Horton Plains National Park, the flora and fauna of the park, hiking trails and how to get there.
Table of Contents
History
The history of Horton Plains dates back to the colonial era when it was declared a forest reserve by the British government in 1873. The reserve covered an area of about 2,500 hectares and was mainly established to protect the catchment of the Belihul Oya river. The river was vital for the commercial tea plantations that were flourishing in the area. During this period, the forest was also widely used by the British for hunting. Several colonial bungalows were built within the forest. One of these bungalows, which was once the home of the chief forest officer, still stands today and has been converted into a museum that showcases the history of the park.
Sir Horton
In 1969, the government declared the area a national park, and it was named Horton Plains after Sir Robert Wilmot Horton, a British governor of Ceylon. This move was aimed at safeguarding the biodiversity and natural beauty of the region. Horton Plains National Park covers about 3,160 hectares and is part of the Sri Lankan highlands, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is home to several endemic species, including the Horton Plains slender loris, the Sri Lankan sambar, and the purple-faced langur. It is also a vital catchment area for three major rivers, which supply water to thousands of people in the surrounding areas.
Ancient kingdom
The historical significance of Horton Plains extends beyond the colonial era. The park is also known for its connection to the ancient kingdom of Ruhuna, which existed from the 2nd century BC to the 13th century AD. The park sits at the foot of the sacred mountain of Sri Pada (Adam’s Peak), which has been a place of pilgrimage for over a thousand years. Legend has it that King Valagamba, one of the rulers of Ruhuna, sought refuge in the caves of the Horton Plains after being defeated by the invading Cholas in the 1st century BC. There is evidence of human habitation within the forest, including ruins of ancient temples and monasteries.
Flora and fauna
Firstly, let’s talk about the flora. The park is home to an abundance of plant species, with over 750 different varieties recorded so far. The most notable of these is the purple flowered Rhododendron arboretum, which is widespread in Sri Lanka. The variety of trees found in the park include the Baker’s Laurel, the Calophyllum Walkeri, and the Dwarf Bamboos. There are also several types of orchids, ferns, and mosses. The park is particularly known for its unique grassy plateau which covers a large region.
Now, let’s focus on the fauna. The diversity of animal species in Horton Plains is just stunning, from invertebrates to large mammals. The park is home to various rare and endangered species like grizzled giant squirrels, otters, and Sambar deer, a species of South Asian deer. If you are a bird lover, you’re in for a treat as well, with 87 bird species recorded in the park, including the Sri Lankan whistling thrush and the dull-blue flycatcher. If you are lucky, you might even spot the critically endangered Serendib Scops Owl. The park’s freshwaters support several species of fish, notably the endemic Puntius Srilankensis.
The night-time at Horton Plains National Park is an exceptional experience as well. When it gets dark, the jungle comes alive with a whole new array of nocturnal creatures. It’s the time for endemic birds to come alive too. By booking a night camping at one of the designated campsite areas of the park, you could have an exciting opportunity to witness these amazing creatures.
How to get to Horton Plains
From Colombo
It’s important to note that Horton Plains National Park is located around 200 km away from Colombo, Sri Lanka’s busy capital city. The park can be reached by bus, car, or train. However, the most common and convenient way to get there is by car or taxi. It takes approximately 5-6 hours to reach the park via road, depending on traffic conditions.
From Nuwara Eliya
The nearest city to the park is Nuwara Eliya, which is 32 kilometres away. You can either take a taxi or hire a tuk-tuk to reach the park from Nuwara Eliya or travel by local buses. Tuk-tuks are a more economical option compared to taxis and their drivers are familiar with the park’s terrain.
Getting around in the park
Once you reach the park’s entrance, there are designated trails to follow inside the park. Walking is the only way to explore the park. A word of caution, the trails in the park are not easy, and visitors need to be physically fit to navigate the terrain. The most popular route takes visitors past World’s End, a cliff offering stunning views of the surrounding valleys.
Local accommodation
It’s important to note that due to high altitude conditions, Horton Plains National Park can be much colder than other parts of Sri Lanka. Visitors should bring warm clothing, and if you’re planning a visit during peak seasons, it’s best to book accommodation in advance. There is a limited choice of hotels in the area, but Sri Lanka’s hill country is known for its quaint guest houses and charming bed and breakfasts.
Finally, don’t forget to bring your camera to capture the park’s stunning beauty. From the rolling hills to the flowing streams and cascading waterfalls, Horton Plains National Park is a photographer’s paradise.
Hiking trails
The park offers a range of hiking trails, each with its own charm and beauty, making it a must-visit destination for adventurous hikers and nature enthusiasts.
World’s End Trail
The World’s End trail is a popular spot in Horton Plains National Park and is where you will see some of the most breathtaking views in Sri Lanka. The World’s End Trail is a 4 to 5km hike that takes you through stunning forested areas before reaching the a cliff-edge view. The cliff is 700 meters high and from here you have an amazing view. This hike is not for the faint-hearted, as the trail can be steep and rocky, but the inspiring view at the end makes it all worth it.
Baker’s Falls Trail
The Baker’s Falls Trail offers a much calmer hike than the World’s End Trail and is perfect for those who want to explore the lush jungle of Horton Plains. This trail leads to a beautiful waterfall named after a British planter who discovered the spot over a century ago. The path is well-maintained and passes through an enchanting landscape of ferns, moss, and wildflowers. It is common to spot exotic birds and butterflies along the way, making it a photographer’s paradise.
Kirigalpoththa Trail
The Kirigalpoththa Trail is the most challenging and longest hike in Horton Plains National Park, but it’s also the most rewarding. Kirigalpoththa is the highest peak of the national park and stands at 2,389m tall, offering panoramic views of the park and beyond. The trail passes through tea estates, forests, and open grasslands, giving hikers a diverse range of landscapes to explore along the way. The hike takes around 7 to 8 hours, so be sure to bring plenty of water, snacks, and a sense of adventure.
Mini Worlds End Trail
The Mini Worlds End Trail is a shorter and easier hike than the World’s End Trail. The length of the trail is around 2 km, and it takes hikers through a series of mini waterfalls and cascades. The trail leads to a viewing point called Mini World’s End, which offers an impressive view of the park and its surroundings. During the hike, you will see thriving wildlife, including monkeys, sambar deer, and various bird species.
Thotupola Trail
The Thotupola Trail is a scenic hike that leads to the second-highest peak in Horton Plains National Park. This peak stands at 2,357m high and offers excellent views of the park. The trail passes through grasslands, forests, and streams, making it an ideal hike for those who want to explore the park’s diverse flora and fauna.
Highlights to visit in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is a beautiful island country located in South Asia, famous for its diverse landscapes, ancient culture, and warm hospitality. The country has many stunning beaches, lush green forests, misty mountains, and historical landmarks that make it a perfect destination for tourists.
One of the must-visit places in Sri Lanka is Kandy, commonly known as the cultural capital of the country. Kandy is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is home to the revered Temple of the Tooth Relic, one of the most sacred Buddhist shrines in the world. The city also offers breathtaking views of its surrounding valleys and mountains, making it a popular destination for nature lovers.
Another must-visit place in Sri Lanka is Colombo, the bustling capital city of the country. Colombo is a melting pot of cultures and offers a perfect blend of old-world charm and modern development. The city has many historical landmarks such as the Gangaramaya Temple, Galle Face Green, and Independence Square, making it an ideal destination for history buffs.
Apart from Kandy and Colombo, there are many other places in Sri Lanka that are worth exploring. The ancient city of Anuradhapura, the picturesque town of Ella, and the wildlife-rich Yala National Park are just a few examples. Each destination in Sri Lanka offers a unique experience and adds to the charm of this beautiful country.
